Percona XtraDB Cluster安装部署手册
编写此文档,供PerconaXtraDB Cluster部署时使用。
系统维护人员及实施人员。
通过阅读该手册,让读者明确PerconaXtraDB Cluster的安装、配置和维护情况,为后续数据库运维工作提供指导。
应用部署方案
环境准备
服务器列表
序号 |
IP |
用途 |
HOSTNAME |
操作系统 |
1 |
192.168.0.7 |
Percona XtraDB Cluster |
RedHat 6.3 |
|
2 |
192.168.0.9 |
Percona XtraDB Cluster |
RedHat 6.3 |
|
3 |
192.168.0.15 |
LVS+Keepalived |
RedHat 5.6 |
|
4 |
192.168.0.17 |
LVS+Keepalived |
RedHat 5.6 |
列表
序号 |
名称 |
IP |
1 |
LVS-DR-VIP |
192.168.0.110 |
2 |
LVS-DR-Master |
192.168.0.15 |
3 |
LVS-DR-BACKUP |
192.168.0.17 |
4 |
MySQL1-Realserver |
192.168.0.7 |
5 |
MySQL2-Realserver |
192.168.0.9 |
6 |
GateWay |
192.168.0.1 |
配置网易的YUM源
1. 导入证书(证书的位置http://mirrors.163.com/centos/)
rpm -importhttp://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
2. 使用网易的源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wgethttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
3. 修改文件(把所有$releasever替换成5,保存)
vim CentOS5-Base-163.repo
4. 更新yum
yum -y update
LVS安装
1. 安装
yum install ipvsadm –y
Installing : ipvsadm-1.25-9.el6.i686 1/1
Installed:
ipvsadm.i686 0:1.25-9.el6
Complete!
2. Ipvsadm命令参数
-C 清除表中所有的记录
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.3.187:80 -s rr
-A --add-service在服务器列表中新添加一条新的虚拟服务器记录
-t 表示为tcp服务
-u 表示为udp服务
-s --scheduler 使用的调度算法, rr | wrr | lc | wlc | lblb |lblcr | dh | sh | sed | nq 默认调度算法是 wlc
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.3.187:80 -r 192.168.200.10:80 -m-w 1
-a --add-server 在服务器表中添加一条新的真实主机记录
-t --tcp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供tcp服务
-u --udp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供udp服务
-r --real-server 真实服务器地址
-m --masquerading 指定LVS工作模式为NAT模式
-w --weight 真实服务器的权值
-g --gatewaying 指定LVS工作模式为直接路由器模式(也是LVS默认的模式)
-i --ipip 指定LVS的工作模式为隧道模式
-p 会话保持时间,定义流量呗转到同一个realserver的会话存留时间
调度算法
rr 轮询 round robin, wrr 加强轮询 weighted round robin,
新的请求被轮流分配到RealServer上,它假设服务器处理性能都相同,不管服务器当前的连接数和响应速度,不适合服务器性能不同的集群,这会导致服务器间的负载不平衡
dh 目的地址散列调度destination hashing
Keepalived安装
1. gcc
安装命令:yum install gcc gcc-c++
2. openssl-devel ,openssl
安装命令:yum install openssl-developenssl
3. 源码内核的
安装命令:yum install kernel-devel kernel
建立软连接:ln -s /usr/src/kernels/内核名称/ /usr/src/linux
4. popt-devel,libnl-devel
安装命令:yum install popt-devellibnl-devel
5. 安装keepalived
#wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
#tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.2.12
#uname –r
# ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/`uname-r`-`uname -m`/ /usr/src/linux # 必须做不然,编译会出错
#./configure --sysconf=/usr/local/keepalived--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
# make && make install
#cp/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#cp/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/
#mkdir /etc/keepalived
#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#chkconfig --add keepalived
#chkconfig keepalived on #做成系统服务
#service keepalivedstart|stop|status
配置
1. 主服务器配置keepalived.conf
global_defs{
notification_email {
duhj@c-sunrise.com
}
notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id mysql-ha
}
vrrp_instanceVI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
nopreempt #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.110
}
}
virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.0.7 3306
weight 3
# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
real_server 192.168.0.9 3306
weight 3
# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}
2. 从服务器配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
global_defs {
notification_email {
duhj@c-sunrise.com
}
notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id mysql-ha
}
vrrp_instanceVI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 88
advert_int 1
nopreempt #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.110
}
}
virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {
delay_loop 2
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 60
protocolTCP
real_server192.168.0.7 3306
weight 3
#notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
real_server 192.168.0.9 3306
weight 3
# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
connect_port 3306
}
}
}s
Percona XtraDB Cluster安装
安装说明
安装准备
Ø 服务器版本查看
# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
Ø 新建目录:
#mkdir -p /softwares
Ø 下载RPM包
l 下载XTRADB Cluster包
wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-debuginfo-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel6/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-devel-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-full-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-test-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
l 下载XTRABACKUP包
wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm
wget
ttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-test-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm
Ø 安装依赖包
l 安装包准备
安装光盘package目录下:perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
wgethttp://repo.webtatic.com/yum/el6/x86_64/libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm
wget http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/nc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
l 安装
rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivhperl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpmnc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm
Ø 删除原有软件包
rpm -qa | grep mysql | xargs sudo rpm -e –nodeps
安装Percona XtraDB Cluster
Ø 安装percona-xtrabackup
rpm -ivhpercona-xtrabackup-2.1.9-744.rhel6.x86_64.rpm
Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera
rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpmPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpm
Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client
rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm
Ø 安装libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64
rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm
Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server
rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm
配置第一个节点
1、编辑配置文件
find / -name 'my-default.cnf'
cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
skip-name-resolve
character-set-server = utf8
socket =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock
pid-file =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000
skip-name-resolve
sysdate-is-now = 1
innodb = FORCE
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/munion_db
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin =/data/munion_db/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1
# REPLICATION #
relay-log =/data/munion_db/relay-bin
slave-net-timeout = 60
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 250M
max-heap-table-size = 250M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 2000
thread-cache-size = 100
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 4096
table-open-cache = 6000
# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 4
innodb-log-file-size = 1g
innodb_log_buffer_size = 30M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 25G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 24
innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 40
innodb_change_buffer_max_size = 50
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 1
init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
wait_timeout=100
#interactive_timeout=100
# LOGGING #
log-error =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log
#config for wsrep
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.55
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"
wsrep_slave_threads=8
wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'
wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760
wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648
#config for others
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
配置第二个节点
[mysql]
# CLIENT #
port = 3306
socket =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
# GENERAL #
user = mysql
default-storage-engine = InnoDB
skip-name-resolve
character-set-server = utf8
socket =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock
pid-file =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid
# MyISAM #
key-buffer-size = 32M
myisam-recover = FORCE,BACKUP
# SAFETY #
max-allowed-packet = 16M
max-connect-errors = 1000000
skip-name-resolve
sysdate-is-now = 1
innodb = FORCE
# DATA STORAGE #
datadir = /data/munion_db
# BINARY LOGGING #
log-bin = /data/munion_db/mysql-bin
expire-logs-days = 14
sync-binlog = 1
# REPLICATION #
relay-log =/data/munion_db/relay-bin
slave-net-timeout = 60
# CACHES AND LIMITS #
tmp-table-size = 32M
max-heap-table-size = 32M
query-cache-type = 0
query-cache-size = 0
max-connections = 3000
thread-cache-size = 100
open-files-limit = 65535
table-definition-cache = 4096
table-open-cache = 3000
# INNODB #
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 4
innodb-log-file-size = 1g
innodb_log_buffer_size = 30M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 25G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 12
innodb_thread_sleep_delay = 40
init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
wait_timeout=100
interactive_timeout=100
# LOGGING #
log-error =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log
log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
slow-query-log = 1
slow-query-log-file = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log
#config for wsrep
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56
binlog_format=ROW
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.56
wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster
#wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"
wsrep_slave_threads=8
wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'
wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760
wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648
#config for others
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
LVS+Keepalived配合脚本
#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh
#!/bin/bash
# description: Config realserver lo andapply noarp
SNS_VIP=192.168.0.110
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
case "$1" in
start)
ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP
/sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "RealServer Start OK"
;;
stop)
ifconfig lo:0 down
route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
echo "RealServer Stoped"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
启动相关服务
Ø 主备LVS
#servicekeepalived start #启动keepalived服务
Ø MySQL Cluster中的2台SQL节点
#cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/
#chmod 755 realserver.sh
#./realserver.sh
测试
方法一:
#telnet192.168.0.110 3306
方法二:
使用mysql的各种客户端工具连接mysql。

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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