search
HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialPercona XtraDB Cluster安装部署手册_MySQL

 Percona XtraDB Cluster安装部署手册

编写此文档,供PerconaXtraDB Cluster部署时使用。

系统维护人员及实施人员。

通过阅读该手册,让读者明确PerconaXtraDB Cluster的安装、配置和维护情况,为后续数据库运维工作提供指导。

应用部署方案

环境准备

服务器列表

序号

IP

用途

HOSTNAME

操作系统

1

192.168.0.7

Percona XtraDB Cluster

RedHat 6.3

2

192.168.0.9

Percona XtraDB Cluster

RedHat 6.3

3

192.168.0.15

LVS+Keepalived

RedHat 5.6

4

192.168.0.17

LVS+Keepalived

RedHat 5.6

列表

序号

名称

IP

1

LVS-DR-VIP

192.168.0.110

2

LVS-DR-Master

192.168.0.15

3

LVS-DR-BACKUP

192.168.0.17

4

MySQL1-Realserver

192.168.0.7

5

MySQL2-Realserver

192.168.0.9

6

GateWay

192.168.0.1

配置网易的YUM源

1. 导入证书(证书的位置http://mirrors.163.com/centos/)

rpm -importhttp://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

2. 使用网易的源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

wgethttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

3. 修改文件(把所有$releasever替换成5,保存)

vim CentOS5-Base-163.repo

4. 更新yum

yum -y update

LVS安装

1.    安装

yum install ipvsadm –y

Installing : ipvsadm-1.25-9.el6.i686 1/1

Installed:

ipvsadm.i686 0:1.25-9.el6

Complete!

2.   Ipvsadm命令参数

-C 清除表中所有的记录

ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.3.187:80 -s rr

-A --add-service在服务器列表中新添加一条新的虚拟服务器记录

-t 表示为tcp服务

-u 表示为udp服务

-s --scheduler 使用的调度算法, rr | wrr | lc | wlc | lblb |lblcr | dh | sh | sed | nq 默认调度算法是 wlc

ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.3.187:80 -r 192.168.200.10:80 -m-w 1

-a --add-server 在服务器表中添加一条新的真实主机记录

-t --tcp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供tcp服务

-u --udp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供udp服务

-r --real-server 真实服务器地址

-m --masquerading 指定LVS工作模式为NAT模式

-w --weight 真实服务器的权值

-g --gatewaying 指定LVS工作模式为直接路由器模式(也是LVS默认的模式)

-i --ipip 指定LVS的工作模式为隧道模式

-p 会话保持时间,定义流量呗转到同一个realserver的会话存留时间

调度算法

rr 轮询 round robin, wrr 加强轮询 weighted round robin,

新的请求被轮流分配到RealServer上,它假设服务器处理性能都相同,不管服务器当前的连接数和响应速度,不适合服务器性能不同的集群,这会导致服务器间的负载不平衡

dh 目的地址散列调度destination hashing

Keepalived安装

1.    gcc

安装命令:yum install gcc gcc-c++

2.    openssl-devel ,openssl

安装命令:yum install openssl-developenssl

3.    源码内核的

安装命令:yum install kernel-devel kernel

建立软连接:ln -s /usr/src/kernels/内核名称/   /usr/src/linux

4.    popt-devel,libnl-devel

安装命令:yum install popt-devellibnl-devel

5.    安装keepalived

#wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

#tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

#cd keepalived-1.2.12

#uname –r

# ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/`uname-r`-`uname -m`/ /usr/src/linux # 必须做不然,编译会出错

#./configure --sysconf=/usr/local/keepalived--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

# make && make install

#cp/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

#cp/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/

#mkdir /etc/keepalived

#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

#chkconfig --add keepalived

#chkconfig keepalived on #做成系统服务

#service keepalivedstart|stop|status

配置

1.    主服务器配置keepalived.conf

global_defs{

notification_email {

duhj@c-sunrise.com

}

notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com

smtp_server 127.0.0.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id mysql-ha

}

vrrp_instanceVI_1 {

state MASTER

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 100

advert_int 1

nopreempt  #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.0.110

}

}

virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {

delay_loop 2

lb_algo wrr

lb_kind DR

persistence_timeout 60

protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.0.7 3306

weight 3

# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 3306

}

}

real_server 192.168.0.9 3306

weight 3

# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 3306

}

}

}

2.    从服务器配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

global_defs {

notification_email {

duhj@c-sunrise.com

}

notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com

smtp_server 127.0.0.1

smtp_connect_timeout 30

router_id mysql-ha

}

vrrp_instanceVI_1 {

state BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51

priority 88

advert_int 1

nopreempt  #不抢占,只在priority高的节点上设置

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

virtual_ipaddress {

192.168.0.110

}

}

virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {

delay_loop 2

lb_algo wrr

lb_kind DR

persistence_timeout 60

protocolTCP

real_server192.168.0.7 3306

weight 3

#notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 3306

}

}

real_server 192.168.0.9 3306

weight 3

# notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

TCP_CHECK {

connect_timeout 10

nb_get_retry 3

delay_before_retry 3

connect_port 3306

}

}

}s

Percona XtraDB Cluster安装

安装说明

安装准备

Ø 服务器版本查看

# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)

Ø 新建目录:

#mkdir -p /softwares

Ø 下载RPM包

l 下载XTRADB Cluster包

wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-debuginfo-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel6/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-devel-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-full-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-test-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

l 下载XTRABACKUP包

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

wget

ttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-test-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装依赖包

l 安装包准备

安装光盘package目录下:perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

wgethttp://repo.webtatic.com/yum/el6/x86_64/libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

wget     http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

wget

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/nc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm

l 安装

rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivhperl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpmnc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 删除原有软件包

rpm -qa | grep mysql  | xargs sudo rpm -e –nodeps

安装Percona XtraDB Cluster

Ø 安装percona-xtrabackup

rpm -ivhpercona-xtrabackup-2.1.9-744.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera

rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpmPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client

rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64

rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server

rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

配置第一个节点

1、编辑配置文件

find / -name 'my-default.cnf'

cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]

# CLIENT #

port                           = 3306

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

# GENERAL #

user                           = mysql

default-storage-engine         = InnoDB

skip-name-resolve

character-set-server           = utf8

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

pid-file                       =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid

# MyISAM #

key-buffer-size                = 32M

myisam-recover                 = FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #

max-allowed-packet             = 16M

max-connect-errors             = 1000000

skip-name-resolve

sysdate-is-now                 = 1

innodb                         = FORCE

# DATA STORAGE #

datadir                        = /data/munion_db

# BINARY LOGGING #

log-bin                        =/data/munion_db/mysql-bin

expire-logs-days               = 14

sync-binlog                    = 1

# REPLICATION #

relay-log                      =/data/munion_db/relay-bin

slave-net-timeout              = 60

# CACHES AND LIMITS #

tmp-table-size                 = 250M

max-heap-table-size            = 250M

query-cache-type               = 0

query-cache-size               = 0

max-connections                = 2000

thread-cache-size              = 100

open-files-limit               = 65535

table-definition-cache         = 4096

table-open-cache               = 6000

# INNODB #

innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT

innodb-log-files-in-group      = 4

innodb-log-file-size           = 1g

innodb_log_buffer_size         = 30M

innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2

innodb-file-per-table          = 1

innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 25G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 24

innodb_thread_sleep_delay      = 40

innodb_change_buffer_max_size  = 50

innodb_adaptive_hash_index     = 1

init_connect='SET autocommit=0'

wait_timeout=100

#interactive_timeout=100

# LOGGING #

log-error                      =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log

log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1

slow-query-log                 = 1

slow-query-log-file            = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log

#config for wsrep

wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so

wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56

binlog_format=ROW

default_storage_engine=InnoDB

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.55

wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2

wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster

wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"

wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'

wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760

wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648

#config for others

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

配置第二个节点

[mysql]

# CLIENT #

port                           = 3306

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

[mysqld]

# GENERAL #

user                           = mysql

default-storage-engine         = InnoDB

skip-name-resolve

character-set-server           = utf8

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

pid-file                       =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid

# MyISAM #

key-buffer-size                = 32M

myisam-recover                 = FORCE,BACKUP

# SAFETY #

max-allowed-packet             = 16M

max-connect-errors             = 1000000

skip-name-resolve

sysdate-is-now                 = 1

innodb                         = FORCE

# DATA STORAGE #

datadir                        = /data/munion_db

# BINARY LOGGING #

log-bin                        = /data/munion_db/mysql-bin

expire-logs-days               = 14

sync-binlog                    = 1

# REPLICATION #

relay-log                      =/data/munion_db/relay-bin

slave-net-timeout              = 60

# CACHES AND LIMITS #

tmp-table-size                 = 32M

max-heap-table-size            = 32M

query-cache-type               = 0

query-cache-size               = 0

max-connections                = 3000

thread-cache-size              = 100

open-files-limit               = 65535

table-definition-cache         = 4096

table-open-cache               = 3000

# INNODB #

innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT

innodb-log-files-in-group      = 4

innodb-log-file-size           = 1g

innodb_log_buffer_size         = 30M

innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2

innodb-file-per-table          = 1

innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 25G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 12

innodb_thread_sleep_delay      = 40

init_connect='SET autocommit=0'

wait_timeout=100

interactive_timeout=100

# LOGGING #

log-error                      =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log

log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1

slow-query-log                 = 1

slow-query-log-file            = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log

#config for wsrep

wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so

wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56

binlog_format=ROW

default_storage_engine=InnoDB

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.56

wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster

#wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2

wsrep_sst_method=rsync

wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"

wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'

wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760

wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648

#config for others

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

LVS+Keepalived配合脚本

#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh

#!/bin/bash

# description: Config realserver lo andapply noarp

SNS_VIP=192.168.0.110

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

case "$1" in

start)

ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP

/sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1

echo "RealServer Start OK"

;;

stop)

ifconfig lo:0 down

route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore

echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce

echo "RealServer Stoped"

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"

exit 1

esac

exit 0

启动相关服务

Ø 主备LVS

#servicekeepalived start #启动keepalived服务

Ø MySQL Cluster中的2台SQL节点

#cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

#chmod 755 realserver.sh

#./realserver.sh

测试

方法一:

#telnet192.168.0.110 3306

方法二:

使用mysql的各种客户端工具连接mysql。

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AM

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonMySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersLearning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterMySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesMySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedMySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesThe Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AM

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementMySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PhpStorm Mac version

PhpStorm Mac version

The latest (2018.2.1) professional PHP integrated development tool

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools