# 选择数据库
USE mysql
# 返回可用数据库列表
SHOW DATABASES
# 返回当前数据库中可用表
SHOW TABLES
# 返回表列
SHOW COLUMNS FROM db
# 显示特定数据库的创建语句
SHOW CREATE DATABASE mysql
# 显示广泛的服务器状态信息
SHOW STATUS
# 显示授权用户的安全权限
SHOW GRANTS
多条 SQL 语句必须以分号分隔。
SQL 语句不区分大小写,习惯性大写。
检索不同的行用 DISTINCT ,只返回不同的值。
限制结果, LIMIT 子句
LIMIT 5 返回不多于 5 行。
LIMIT 3,4 从行 3 开始的 4 行
LIMIT 4 OFFSET 3 (结果同上)【 MySQL5 以后支持】
ORDER BY 子句排序
DESC/ASC 指定排序方向
WHERE 子句, ORDER BY 位于 WHERE 之后。
操作符 | 说明 |
= | 等于 |
不等于 |
|
!= | 不等于 |
| 小于 |
| 小于等于 |
> | 大于 |
>= | 大于等于 |
BETWEEN | 在指定的两个值之间 |
NULL 无值
WHERE *** IS NULL 检查字段有没有 NULL 值。
AND OR 操作符。
IN 操作符用来指定条件范围,多个合法值的由逗号分隔。
NOT 否定操作符,支持对 IN 、 BETWEEN 和 EXISTS 子句取反。

MySQLstringtypesimpactstorageandperformanceasfollows:1)CHARisfixed-length,alwaysusingthesamestoragespace,whichcanbefasterbutlessspace-efficient.2)VARCHARisvariable-length,morespace-efficientbutpotentiallyslower.3)TEXTisforlargetext,storedoutsiderows,

MySQLstringtypesincludeVARCHAR,TEXT,CHAR,ENUM,andSET.1)VARCHARisversatileforvariable-lengthstringsuptoaspecifiedlimit.2)TEXTisidealforlargetextstoragewithoutadefinedlength.3)CHARisfixed-length,suitableforconsistentdatalikecodes.4)ENUMenforcesdatainte

MySQLoffersvariousstringdatatypes:1)CHARforfixed-lengthstrings,2)VARCHARforvariable-lengthtext,3)BINARYandVARBINARYforbinarydata,4)BLOBandTEXTforlargedata,and5)ENUMandSETforcontrolledinput.Eachtypehasspecificusesandperformancecharacteristics,sochoose

TograntpermissionstonewMySQLusers,followthesesteps:1)AccessMySQLasauserwithsufficientprivileges,2)CreateanewuserwiththeCREATEUSERcommand,3)UsetheGRANTcommandtospecifypermissionslikeSELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,orALLPRIVILEGESonspecificdatabasesortables,and4)

ToaddusersinMySQLeffectivelyandsecurely,followthesesteps:1)UsetheCREATEUSERstatementtoaddanewuser,specifyingthehostandastrongpassword.2)GrantnecessaryprivilegesusingtheGRANTstatement,adheringtotheprincipleofleastprivilege.3)Implementsecuritymeasuresl

ToaddanewuserwithcomplexpermissionsinMySQL,followthesesteps:1)CreatetheuserwithCREATEUSER'newuser'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';.2)Grantreadaccesstoalltablesin'mydatabase'withGRANTSELECTONmydatabase.TO'newuser'@'localhost';.3)Grantwriteaccessto'

The string data types in MySQL include CHAR, VARCHAR, BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB, and TEXT. The collations determine the comparison and sorting of strings. 1.CHAR is suitable for fixed-length strings, VARCHAR is suitable for variable-length strings. 2.BINARY and VARBINARY are used for binary data, and BLOB and TEXT are used for large object data. 3. Sorting rules such as utf8mb4_unicode_ci ignores upper and lower case and is suitable for user names; utf8mb4_bin is case sensitive and is suitable for fields that require precise comparison.

The best MySQLVARCHAR column length selection should be based on data analysis, consider future growth, evaluate performance impacts, and character set requirements. 1) Analyze the data to determine typical lengths; 2) Reserve future expansion space; 3) Pay attention to the impact of large lengths on performance; 4) Consider the impact of character sets on storage. Through these steps, the efficiency and scalability of the database can be optimized.


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