How to implement custom types in Go?

Go is an object-oriented, statically typed programming language, thus allowing developers to simplify code and improve readability through custom types. In this article, we will explore how to implement custom types in Go so that developers can better take advantage of this feature.

1. Structure

A structure in Go is a custom type that allows developers to implement more complex structures by combining variables of different types. data structure. The following is an example of a structure:

type Person struct {
    name    string
    age     int
    address string
}

In this example, we define a structure named Person, which contains three member variables: name, age, and address. These variables are of different types, but they are grouped together to represent information about a person. We can create a new Person object using the following method:

person1 := Person{name: "John Doe", age: 30, address: "123 Main St."}

In this example, we use a structure literal to initialize the person1 object. Then, we can use dot notation to access the value of the structure member variable:

fmt.Println(person1.name)    // John Doe
fmt.Println(person1.age)     // 30
fmt.Println(person1.address) // 123 Main St.

2. Type alias

Type alias is a method of naming an existing type into a new type Way. It can be used to simplify code or define more descriptive names for existing types. Here is an example of a type alias:

type Celsius float64

In this example, we define a type alias called Celsius, which is actually a float64 type. We can then create a new Celsius object using:

temperature := Celsius(23.5)

In this example, we used type conversion to convert the float64 type 23.5 to the Celsius type. We can then access the value of the temperature variable using dot notation:

fmt.Println(temperature) // 23.5

3. Custom Type

A custom type is a wrapper of an existing type in a new type way. This can be used to define a more descriptive name, add new methods, or change the behavior of the type. The following is an example of a custom type:

type Feet float64

func (f Feet) Inches() float64 {
    return float64(f * 12)
}

In this example, we define a custom type called Feet, which is actually a float64 type. We then define a method on the Feet type called Inches that converts a Feet object to inches and returns that value. Here is an example of how to use the Feet object:

distance := Feet(10.5)
fmt.Println(distance.Inches()) // 126

In this example, we have used the Inches method of the Feet object to calculate the distance in inches. This way we can use more descriptive names in our code and add custom behavior to existing types.

In short, custom types are a very useful feature in Go, which can help developers simplify code and improve readability. Through structures, type aliases, and custom types, developers can easily define new data types and add custom behaviors to them.

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