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mysqldump

mysql 提供了msyqldump 工具来导出数据库。

大致搜索了下网上的文章大都是出自一篇文章,内容繁多而杂。大多数都没有用到。

整理了一下自己用到过和觉得有用一些选项,记录于下。

mysqldump的基本使用格式为 :

mysqldump -hhost -Pport -uuser -ppassword  dbname > xxxx.sql

host port可以不填,host默认localhost port默认为3306

以下为选项

--all-database,-A 导出全部该连接上全部数据包括创建数据库,创建表, 数据和存储过程

mysqldump -uroot -p -all-database > my.sql 

--databases,-B 导出多个数据库的数据 使用这个选项sql文件中会有CREATE DATABASE

mysqldump -uroot -p --databases A B C > my.sql

mysqldump -uroot -p A > my.sql (这个不会有CREATE DATABASE语句)

--no-data, -d 只导结构

--no-create-info,-t 只导数据

--routines,-R 额外导出存储过程和函数(只使用这个选项还会生成其他表的信息)

如果只想导出存储过程和函数那么:

mysqldump -uroot -p --routines --no-data --no-create-info A> procedure.sql

导出的存储过程包含有DEFINER的信息,如果移植到其它机器上可能会有权限问题。

--extended-insert,-e 导出数据时使用一个多值的INSERT 语句,就是只会生成一条语句(默认)

--skip-extended-insert 和上一条相反,每一行一个INSERT 语句。

--complete-insert,-c 导出的INSERT语句会有字段名字,当表增加了列的时候比较好用

--add-locks 对导出的INSERT语句增加锁表的句子(默认开启)。像这样: 

LOCK TABLE  xxxx 

INSERT INTO xxxx VALUES yyyy

UNLOCK TABLE  xxxx

--skip-add-locks 上一条相反,不加锁定句子。

--add-drop-database 在创建数据库句子前 添加DROP DATABASE句子

--add-drop-tables 在创建表句子前添加DROP TABLE句子(默认)

--quick,-q 取消缓冲,直接输出到标准输出。 在导比较大的表需要加上。可以加快导出速度。

--single-transaction 在对支持事务的引擎(InnoDB)在导出之前提交事务以锁定全表。

--lock-tables 在不支持事务的引擎(MyISAM)在导出之前如果要锁定全表用这个选项。(也支持InnoDB,只是对于支持事务的引擎建议使用--single-transaction)

--hex-blob 用16进制的形式导出二进制数据


额外选项:

--no-defaults 如果在WIN上运行mysqldump时报错 unkown option '--no-beep' 可以加上这个选项。linux上没有这个问题。(原因没有深究,应该是某个配置文件里有这个选项,需要去掉)

--triggers 触发器,个人没有使用过, 使用方法同 --routines,这里就不提及。

以上就是最经常使用的选项.

(linux上或者在WIN上不报错可以省略 --no-defaults选项)

导出一个完整的数据库结构:

mysqldump  --no-defaults -uroot -p --add-drop-database --no-data --routines -B A > my.sql

导出一个完整数据库结构和数据:

mysqldump --no-defaults -uroot -p --add-drop-database --routines --skip-extended-insert --skip-add-locks --quick --hex-blob -B A > my.sql

另外一个的就是备份整个数据库:

mysqldump --no-defaults -A > my.sql


P.S.

以上语句都没有锁表,需要看情况增加锁表选项。





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