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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql分表方法-----MRG_MyISAM引擎分表法_MySQL

         一般来说,当我们的数据库的数据超过了100w记录的时候就应该考虑分表或者分区了,这次我来详细说说分表的一些方法。目前我所知道的方法都是MYISAM的,INNODB如何做分表并且保留事务和外键,我还不是很了解。

首先,我们需要想好到底分多少个表,前提当然是满足应用。这里我使用了一个比较简单的分表方法,就是根据自增id的尾数来分,也就是说分0-9一共10个表,其取值也很好做,就是对10进行取模。另外,还可以根据某一字段的md5值取其中几位进行分表,这样的话,可以分的表就很多了。

好了,先来创建表吧,代码如下

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CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_0` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_1` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_2` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_3` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_4` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_5` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_6` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_7` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_8` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci    CREATE TABLE `test`.`article_9` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE = MYISAM CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci   
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 好了10个表创建完毕了,需要注意的是,这里的id不能设为自增,而且所有的表结构必须一致,包括结构,类型,长度,字段的顺序都必须一致那么对于这个id如何取得呢?后面我会详细说明。现在,我们需要一个合并表,用于查询,创建合并表的代码如下

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CREATE TABLE `test`.`article` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `subject` VARCHAR( <strong>200</strong> ) NOT NULL ,  `content` TEXT NOT NULL ,  PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )  ) ENGINE=CREATE TABLE user (  `id` int(11) NOT NULL PRIMARY key,  `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,  `passwd` char(32) NOT NULL) ENGINE=MERGE DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 INSERT_METHOD=no UNION=(article_0,article_1,article_2,article_3,article_4,article_5,article_6,article_7,article_8,article_9); 
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    这里INSERT_METHOD=0在某些版本可能不工作,需要改成INSERT_METHOD=NO

注意,合并表也必须和前面的表有相同的结构,类型,长度,包括字段的顺序都必须一致这里的INSERT_METHOD=0表示不允许对本表进行insert操作。好了,当需要查询的时候,我们可以只对article这个表进行操作就可以了,也就是说这个表仅仅只能进行select操作

那么对于插入也就是insert操作应该如何来搞呢,首先就是获取唯一的id了,这里就还需要一个表来专门创建id,代码如下

CREATE TABLE `test`.`create_id` (  `id` BIGINT( <strong>20</strong> ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY  ) ENGINE = MYISAM   

  也 就是说,当我们需要插入数据的时候,必须由这个表来产生id值,我的php代码的方法如下

function get_AI_ID() {      $sql  = "insert into create_id (id) values('')";      $this->db->query($sql);      return $this->db->insertID();  }   

  好了,现在假设我们要插入一条数据了,应该怎么操作呢?还是继续看代码吧

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function new_Article() {      $id  = $this->get_AI_ID();      $table_name = $this->get_Table_Name($id);      $sql = "insert into {$table_name} (id,subject,content) values('{$id}','测试标题','测试内容')";      $this->db->query($sql);  }  /**  * 用于根据id获取表名  */  function get_Table_Name($id) {      return 'article_'.intval($id)%10;  }   
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其实很简单的,对吧,就是先获取id,然后根据id获取应该插入到哪个表,然后就很简单了。

对于update的操作我想应该不需要再说了吧,无非是有了id,然后获取表名,然后进行update操作就好了。

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