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How to distinguish recoverable conditions and programming errors in Java and use checked exceptions and runtime exceptions to handle them?

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2023-05-06 22:13:081172browse

对可恢复条件使用检查异常,对编程错误使用运行时异常

大多数情况下,如果调用者可以恢复异常,则应使用已检查的异常。如果不是,则应使用运行时异常。运行时异常表示可以通过检查某些先决条件(例如数组边界和空性检查)来防止的编程错误。

在下面的方法中,IllegalArgumentException 是一个 RuntimeException,它的用法表示编程错误。通常可以通过检查前提条件来避免编程错误。所以这是基于这个技巧的一个不好的例子。可以通过检查先决条件来避免异常,即这里的“hasNext()”方法。

/**
 * Convert a tag string into a tag map.
 *
 * @param tagString a space-delimited string of key-value pairs. For example, {@code "key1=value1 key_n=value_n"}
 * @return a tag {@link Map}
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the tag string is corrupted.
 */
public static Map<String, String> parseTags(final String tagString) throws IllegalArgumentException {
    // delimit by whitespace or '='
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(tagString).useDelimiter("\\s+|=");
 
    Map<String, String> tagMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
    try {
        while (scanner.hasNext()) {
            String tagName = scanner.next();
            String tagValue = scanner.next();
            tagMap.put(tagName, tagValue);
        }
    } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
        // The tag string is corrupted.
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid tag string '" + tagString + "'");
    } finally {
        scanner.close();
    }
 
    return tagMap;
}

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