一、IO概念
I/O 即输入Input/ 输出Output的缩写,其实就是计算机调度把各个存储中(包括内存和外部存储)的数据写入写出
java中用“流(stream)”来抽象表示这么一个写入写出的功能,封装成一个“类”,都放在java.io这个包里面。
java.io包下提供了各种“流”类和接口,用以获取不同种类的数据,并 通过标准的方法输入或输出数据
1.什么是输入
程序从内存中读取数据叫输入Input。
2.什么输出(Output)
程序把数据写入到内存中叫输出Output。
二、流的分类
按操作数据单位不同分为:字节流(8 bit),字符流(16 bit)
按数据流的流向不同分为:输入流,输出流
按流的角色的不同分为:节点流,处理流
IO流体系
1、InputStream(字节流)
示例:
public static void main(String[] args) { iprt(); } public static void ipst(){ InputStream inputStream = null; try { inputStream = new FileInputStream("C:\\1.txt"); int i; while ( (i = inputStream.read()) != -1){ System.out.print((char) i); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (inputStream != null){ inputStream.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
说明:使用InputStream向内存中读如文件数据。
2、OutputStream(字节流)
示例:
public class ImageCopy { public static void main(String[] args) { try( InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\KDA.jpg"); OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("E:\\aaa\\KDA.jpg") ){ byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int i; while ((i = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){ outputStream.write(bytes,0,i); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
说明:使用输入流与输出流结合实现图片复制的功能。
3、Reader(字符流)
示例:
public static void iprt(){ Reader reader = null; try { reader = new FileReader("C:\\1.txt"); int i ; while ((i = reader.read()) != -1){ System.out.print((char) i); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { if (reader != null) { reader.close(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
说明:使用Reader(字符流)从文件中读入数据。
4、Writer(字符流)
public static void iprt(){ Reader reader = null; Writer writer = null; try { reader = new FileReader("C:\\Users\\52425\\Desktop\\1.txt"); writer = new FileWriter("C:\\2.txt"); int i ; while ((i = reader.read()) != -1){ writer.write(i); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { writer.close(); reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
说明:使用字符流实现文件复制功能。
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