How to provide function modules in vue project

As a front-end developer, when developing a Vue project, it is a basic requirement to provide pages containing functional modules. Function modules refer to reusable code blocks related to the page. Vue provides many methods to achieve this. This article will introduce the methods in detail.

1. Using Vue plug-ins

Vue plug-ins are independent functional modules that can be used directly in Vue projects. The Vue community has developed a large number of excellent plug-ins, such as vue-router, vuex, etc. Before using these plug-ins, we need to introduce them and register them through Vue.use().

You can use the following methods to introduce plug-ins in a Vue project:

import Vue from 'vue'
import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
import Vuex from 'vuex'

Vue.use(VueRouter)
Vue.use(Vuex)

For example, vue-router is a routing plug-in. If a Vue project needs to use vue-router, it needs to be installed and introduced first. Then register it as a Vue plug-in and you can use it in Vue.

2. Global components

The components in Vue can be said to be one of the most basic functions in Vue development. We can reuse the code through components, thus also realizing the function module divide.

Registering a global component in Vue is very simple, just use the Vue.component() method. The following is an example:

Vue.component('my-component', {
  template: '<div>A custom component!</div>'
})

In this way, we successfully registered a global component named my-component, which can be used anywhere in the application:

<my-component></my-component>

Use components to encapsulate functions Modules can make code clearer and easier to maintain. If you use frequently used functional modules in your project, you can consider encapsulating them into components to make full use of Vue's Vue component reuse mechanism.

3. Local components

If all components are registered as global components, the number of components will increase, resulting in a bloated global component list. There is another way to use components to define functional modules in Vue, namely local components. Local components are only available within the scope of the component in which they are defined.

The following is an example showing how to define a local component in a component:

// 父组件
Vue.component('parent-component', {
  components: {
    'child-component': {
      template: '<div>A custom component!</div>'
    }
  },
  template: '<div><child-component></child-component></div>'
})

Here, we define a local component named child-component in the parent component, and then in the parent component used in templates. In this way, child-component will only be used in the parent component and will not become a global component.

Using local components can also prevent the problem of duplicate names of global components. If different components define a global component with the same name, a naming conflict will occur. Using local components, components with the same name can be defined in their own scopes to avoid this problem.

4. Component routing

Routing is also one of the commonly used functional modules in Vue projects. We usually abstract a routing rule into a component, that is, componentized routing.

In Vue Router, you can use the component attribute to specify the component corresponding to the route:

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    {
      path: '/home',
      component: Home
    },
    {
      path: '/about',
      component: About
    }
  ]
})

Home and About here are both components, and each route corresponds to a component. Component-based routing The advantage is that routing and interfaces can be decoupled, thereby achieving high cohesion and low coupling.

5. State Management

In Vue’s state management library vuex, it also provides a method of dividing functional modules. With the help of concepts such as actions, mutations, and getters in vuex, functions can be divided into different states.

We can change the state through mutations, obtain the state through getters, and perform asynchronous operations through actions. Each state corresponds to a fixed processing function, and these processing functions are stored in a single folder, realizing the division of functional modules.

For example, suppose we have a page that needs to handle user information and product information. In vuex, it can be defined as follows:

const store = new Vuex.Store({
  state: {
    userInfo: {},
    productList: []
  },
  mutations: {
    updateUserInfo (state, userInfo) {
      state.userInfo = userInfo
    },
    updateProductList (state, productList) {
      state.productList = productList
    }
  },
  getters: {
    getUserInfo (state) {
      return state.userInfo
    },
    getProductList (state) {
      return state.productList
    }
  },
  actions: {
    async fetchUserInfo ({ commit }, userId) {
      const userInfo = await getUserInfo(userId)
      commit('updateUserInfo', userInfo)
    },
    async fetchProductList ({ commit }) {
      const productList = await getProductList()
      commit('updateProductList', productList)
    }
  }
})

In this example, we combine user information and product information. The product information is split into two states, and the mutations, getters, and actions to process them are defined respectively. In this way, we not only maintain the independent characteristics of each functional module, but also realize the data transfer between them.

6. Summary

The above methods are all commonly used functional module segmentation methods in Vue. Front-end developers can choose the appropriate method to achieve functional modularization based on specific scenarios. No matter which method you choose, you must maintain high cohesion and low coupling of the code to make the Vue project easier to maintain and expand.

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