How to reverse proxy Golang service using Nginx

Golang is a fast, efficient, and safe programming language. Because of its excellent performance characteristics, more and more developers are beginning to use it to build back-end services. After we write the Golang code, how do we deploy it in the production environment? One good option is to use Nginx as a reverse proxy.

This article will introduce how to use Nginx to reverse proxy the Golang service and deploy it under the CentOS 7 system.

1. Install Golang

First, we need to install Golang. Under the CentOS 7 system, you can install it through the following command:

yum install -y golang

After the installation is completed, you can verify whether it is successful through the following command:

go version

If the version number of Golang is output, it means the installation success.

2. Write a Golang service

Next, we will write a simple Golang service. In this example, we will write an HTTP server that can return the current time. The code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "time"
)

func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintf(w, "Current time: %s", time.Now().String())
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handler)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

In the code, we first define a handler function. When the HTTP request comes , this function will return the current time. Next, we use the http.HandleFunc method to register the handler function on the / path. Finally, we start the HTTP server on port 8080 using the http.ListenAndServe method.

3. Compile Golang service

We use the go build command to compile the Golang service into a binary executable file. In order for Nginx to access the executable file, we need to place it in a directory and add the directory to the PATH environment variable. Assume that we place the executable file in the /root/go/bin directory. We can execute the following commands to compile and add the directory to PATH:

cd /root/go/src/hello
go build -o /root/go/bin/hello
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/root/go/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

4. Install Nginx

We use Nginx for reverse proxy, so Nginx needs to be installed first. Under CentOS 7 system, you can install it through the following command:

yum install -y nginx

After the installation is completed, you can execute the following command to start Nginx:

systemctl start nginx

and use the following command to set it to start automatically at boot:

systemctl enable nginx

5. Configure Nginx reverse proxy

In order for Nginx to correctly forward requests to the Golang service, we need to configure Nginx's reverse proxy. Create a file named hello.conf in the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory with the following content:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
 
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

In the configuration, we monitored 80 port and forward the request to the Golang service on 127.0.0.1:8080. Note that the proxy_set_header directive is used to set the Host field in the HTTP request header so that the Golang service can correctly parse the HTTP request information.

After the configuration file is written, execute the following command to check whether the Nginx configuration is correct:

nginx -t

If the prompt configuration is correct, execute the following command to restart Nginx:

systemctl restart nginx

6. Test Golang service

Now, our Golang service is running on port 8080, and Nginx has also been configured. In order to verify whether the Golang service can run normally, we access the external IP address or domain name of Nginx and see the returned time information. If everything works fine, congratulations on successfully deploying a Golang application!

This article introduces how to use Nginx to reverse proxy the Golang service and deploy it under the CentOS 7 system. Of course, if you need to deploy under other systems, you can also follow the ideas in this article.

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