How to implement Chinese character set conversion in golang

Due to the trend of Internet globalization, more and more software needs to support multiple languages. As one of the most popular languages ​​in the world, Chinese is also essential in software development. How software written in golang supports the encoding and conversion of Chinese characters has become an essential knowledge point for Chinese software development.

Golang is an efficient and reliable development language that supports multiple character sets and encoding formats. Some novices often encounter the following problems when using golang for Chinese development:

1. How to convert Chinese from unicode encoding to utf-8 encoding?
2. How to convert UTF-8 encoded Chinese string into Unicode encoding?
3. How to convert gbk encoded Chinese into utf-8 encoding?

Next, this article will introduce you in detail to the method of converting Chinese character sets in golang.

1. Basic knowledge of Chinese character sets

Before discussing the specific conversion methods in depth, we need to understand some basic knowledge, including the types of Chinese character sets and the use of various character sets. Scenarios and Characteristics.

1. Chinese character set

Chinese character set includes three types: unicode, utf-8 and gbk. Unicode is a symbol set that specifies the encoding of various characters. , while utf-8 and gbk are specific encoding formats.

2. utf-8 encoding

utf-8 encoding is a variable-length encoding that can represent all characters in the unicode character set. UTF-8 encoding represents each Unicode character into 1-4 bytes, of which English characters occupy one byte and Chinese characters occupy three bytes.

3. gbk encoding

gbk encoding is a double-byte character set that can only represent commonly used Chinese characters and a small number of English characters. Since gbk encoding contains a large number of Chinese characters, it is relatively common in domestic software development. However, since gbk encoding can only represent Simplified Chinese and cannot represent Traditional Chinese and other languages, it is rarely used in international scenarios.

2. Conversion from unicode to utf-8

Conversion from unicode to utf-8 can be achieved through golang’s built-in library. The built-in unicode/utf8 package in golang provides functions to convert unicode encoding to utf-8 encoding.

The specific steps are as follows:

1. Use the unicode/utf8 package in golang to convert the unicode-encoded Chinese string into utf-8 encoding through the built-in function.
2. Output the converted string or process other operations.

The following is a specific implementation example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    // 定义一个中文字符串
    str := "中文测试"

    // 将字符串转换成unicode编码
    unicodeStr := []rune(str)

    // 将unicode编码的字符串转换成utf-8编码
    utf8Str := make([]byte, 3*len(unicodeStr))
    index := 0
    for _, r := range unicodeStr {
        size := utf8.EncodeRune(utf8Str[index:], r)
        index += size
    }

    // 输出转换后的utf-8编码字符串
    fmt.Printf("中文字符串的utf-8编码为：%s\n", utf8Str)
}

In the above code, the Chinese string is first converted into unicode encoding, and then the unicode encoding is converted into utf-8 encoding. , and finally output the converted UTF-8 encoded string. This method can be applied to processing Chinese strings that need to be converted to UTF-8 encoding.

3. Conversion from utf-8 to unicode

Conversion from utf-8 to unicode can also be implemented using the built-in unicode/utf8 package in golang. The main purpose is to convert UTF-8 encoded Chinese strings into Unicode encoding through built-in functions.

The specific steps are as follows:

1. Use the unicode/utf8 package in golang to convert the utf-8 encoded Chinese string into unicode encoding through the built-in function.
2. Output the converted string or perform other operations.

The following is a specific implementation example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    // 定义一个utf-8编码的中文字符串
    utf8Str := []byte{0xe4, 0xb8, 0xad, 0xe6, 0x96, 0x87, 0xe6, 0xb5, 0x8b, 0xe8, 0xaf, 0x95}

    // 将utf-8编码的中文字符串转换成unicode编码
    unicodeStr := make([]rune, utf8.RuneCount(utf8Str))
    index := 0
    for len(utf8Str) > 0 {
        r, size := utf8.DecodeRune(utf8Str)
        unicodeStr[index] = r
        index++
        utf8Str = utf8Str[size:]
    }

    // 输出转换后的unicode编码字符串
    fmt.Printf("中文字符串的unicode编码为：%v\n", unicodeStr)
}

In the above code, by converting the utf-8 encoded Chinese string into unicode encoding, the converted unicode is finally output Encoded string. This method can be applied to scenarios where Chinese strings need to be converted into unicode encoding.

4. Conversion from gbk to utf-8

When processing internationalized software, gbk-encoded Chinese needs to be converted into utf-8 encoding to adapt to the global usage environment. In golang, since gbk encoding is not one of golang's built-in character sets, a third-party extension package needs to be used for conversion.

Here is a method to convert gbk-encoded Chinese strings into utf-8-encoded strings under golang. Mainly using an extension package "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese" under golang.

The specific steps are as follows:

1. Import the "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese" extension package to achieve conversion between gbk and utf-8.
2. Define gbk encoded Chinese string.
3. Use the built-in function in this extension package to convert gbk-encoded Chinese strings into UTF-8-encoded strings.
4. Output the converted utf-8 encoded string or perform other operations.

The following is a specific implementation example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
    "io/ioutil"
)

func main() {
    // 定义一个gbk编码的中文字符串
    gbkStr := "中文测试"

    // 将gbk编码的中文字符串转换成字节数组
    gbkBytes := []byte(gbkStr)

    // 将gbk编码的字节数组转换成utf-8编码的字节数组
    utf8Bytes, err := simplifiedchinese.GBK.NewDecoder().Bytes(gbkBytes)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("gbk转utf-8编码错误：%s\n", err)
        return
    }

    // 输出转换后的utf-8编码字符串
    fmt.Printf("中文字符串的utf-8编码为：%s\n", string(utf8Bytes))
}

In the above code, the original gbk-encoded Chinese string is first converted into a byte array, and then using "golang The function in the .org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese" extension package converts it into a UTF-8 encoded byte array, and finally outputs the converted UTF-8 encoded string.

Summary

This article gives you a detailed introduction to the method of converting Chinese character sets in golang, including conversion from unicode to utf-8, conversion from utf-8 to unicode, and gbk to utf- 8 conversion. For Golang developers who need to perform Chinese language processing, the conversion method provided in this article can effectively help them solve the problem of Chinese character set conversion.

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