What is the difference between for loop and foreach loop in Java?

(1) Traverse elements

First, let’s take a piece of code as an example:

        String[] array = {"1", "2", "3"};
        for (String i : array) {
            System.out.println(i);
        }

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        for (String i : list) {
            System.out.println(i);
        }

The result after traversal is as follows:

1
2
3
111
222
333

The result is beyond doubt.
Let’s take a look at the compiled source code (idea comes with it, just open your class source code file in the target package):

        String[] array = new String[]{"1", "2", "3"};
        String[] var2 = array;
        int var3 = array.length;

        for(int var4 = 0; var4 < var3; ++var4) {
            String i = var2[var4];
            System.out.println(i);
        }

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        Iterator var7 = list.iterator();

        while(var7.hasNext()) {
            String i = (String)var7.next();
            System.out.println(i);
        }

It can be seen that the original for loop is used to traverse the array, and for collections Iterator is used.

(2) Delete element

Oh k! Next we delete elements:
Use for loop:

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        log.info(list.toString());
        for (int i = 0; i <list.size(); i++) {
            list.remove("222");
        }

        log.info(list.toString());

Result:

11:11:52.532 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]
11:11:52.539 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 333]

Obviously successful!
Use foreach:

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        log.info(list.toString());
        for (String i : list) {
          list.remove("222");
        }
        log.info(list.toString());

Result:

11:50:48.333 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]
Exception in thread "main" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:909)
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList. java:859)
at com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord.main(HelloWord.java:30)

Obviously there was no success!

Reason:

Each iteration inside the iterator will record the modcount inside the List as the expected value, and then compare the expected value with the member variable modCount of the List in each loop, but Ordinary list.remove calls the remove of List. At this time, modcount is used, but the expected value = recorded in the iterator has not changed, so an error will be reported.
If you want to delete an element, you need to use the remove method inside the iterator:

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        log.info(list.toString());
        Iterator<String> it = list.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()){
            String next = it.next();
            //if外使用list的remove方法还是会报错的
            if(next.equals("222")){
                it.remove();//这里使用的是迭代器里面的remove（）方法，
                // 当然如果使用list的remove方法在此删除质地感元素的话是成功的，比如：list.remove("222")
            }
        }
        log.info(list.toString());

Result:

12:06:14.042 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com .hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]
12:06:14.046 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 333]

(3 ) Modify element

using original for:

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        log.info(list.toString());
        for (int i = 0; i <list.size(); i++) {
            list.set(i,"444");
        }
         log.info(list.toString());

Result:

12:12:56.910 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]
12:12:56.915 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [444, 444, 444]

Oh my! Elements can be modified;

Use foreach:

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("111");
        list.add("222");
        list.add("333");
        log.info(list.toString());
       for (String i : list) {
            i="444";
        }
         log.info(list.toString());

Result:

12:34:47.207 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]
12:34:47.211 [main] INFO com.xiaolinge.com.hello.HelloWord - [111, 222, 333]

See, no Oh.
What’s the point? It’s not possible to modify elements, but is it possible to modify the attributes of elements? Let’s take a look.

(4) foreach modifies element attributes

(for will not be tested)

Create a student class:

public class Student {
        private int age;
        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }
        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        private String name;
        public Student(){};
        public Student(int age,String name){
            this.age=age;
            this.name=name;
        }
    }

Oh k, next Test code:

    Student student=new Student(1,"huge");
        Student student1=new Student(1,"xiaoyao");
        List<Student> studentList=new ArrayList<Student>();
        studentList.add(student);
        studentList.add(student1);
        System.out.println(student.getName());
        System.out.println(student1.getName());
        for(Student stu:studentList)
        {
            stu.setName("jingtian");
        }
        System.out.println(student.getName());
        System.out.println(student1.getName());

Result:

huge
xiaoyao
jingtian
jingtian

484 is amazing! The object cannot be modified, but the properties of the object can be modified.

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