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HomeJavajavaTutorialHow to use file separator and path separator in Java?

一、文件分隔符

文件分隔符是用来分隔构成特定位置路径的目录名的字符。

1.获取文件分隔符

在Java中,有几种方法可以获得文件分隔符。

我们可以用File.separator来获取String的分隔符。

String fileSeparator = File.separator;

我们也可以用File.separatorChar获得这个分隔符的字符。

char fileSeparatorChar = File.separatorChar;

从Java 7开始,我们也可以使用文件系统。

String fileSeparator = FileSystems.getDefault().getSeparator();

输出结果将取决于主机操作系统。文件分隔符在Windows上为\,在macOS和基于Unix的操作系统上为/。

2.构造一个文件路径

Java提供了一些方法来从目录列表中构建文件路径。

这里,我们使用Paths类。

Path path = Paths.get("dir1", "dir2");

让我们在Microsoft Windows上测试一下。

assertEquals("dir1\\dir2", path.toString());

同样,我们也可以在Linux或Mac上测试它。

assertEquals("dir1/dir2", path.toString());

我们也可以使用文件类。

File file = new File("file1", "file2");

让我们在Microsoft Windows上测试一下。

assertEquals("dir1\\dir2", path.toString());

同样,我们也可以在Linux或Mac上测试它。

assertEquals("dir1/dir2", path.toString());

正如我们所看到的,我们可以只提供路径字符串来构建一个文件路径---我们不需要明确地包括一个文件分隔符。

3.路径分隔符

路径分隔符是操作系统常用的一个字符,用于分隔路径列表中的各个路径。

3.1.获取路径分隔符

我们可以用File.pathSeparator来获取路径分隔符的String。

String pathSeparator = File.pathSeparator;

我们也可以以char的形式获得路径分隔符。

char pathSeparatorChar = File.pathSeparatorChar;

这两个例子都返回了路径分隔符。在Windows上是分号;,在Mac和基于Unix的操作系统上是冒号:。

3.2.构造一个文件路径

我们可以用分隔符作为分隔符来构建一个String的文件路径。

让我们试试String.join方法:

String[] pathNames = { "path2", "path3", "path4" };
String path = String.join(File.pathSeparator, pathNames);

这里我们在Windows上测试我们的代码。

assertEquals("path2;path3;path4", path);

而文件路径在Linux或Mac上看起来会有所不同。

assertEquals("path2:path3:path4", path);

类似地,我们可以使用StringJoiner类:

public static StringJoiner buildPathUsingStringJoiner(String path2, String path3) {
    StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(File.pathSeparator);
    joiner.add(path2);
    joiner.add(path3);
    return joiner;
}

让我们在Microsoft Windows上测试我们的代码。

assertEquals("path2;path3", buildPathUsingStringJoiner("path2", "path3"));

而且它在Mac或Unix上的表现会有所不同。

assertEquals("path2:path3", buildPathUsingStringJoiner("path2", "path3"));

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