How to write a simple backgammon game using Java

1. Practice goals:

1. Master JavaGUI interface design

2. Master mouse event monitoring (MouseListener, MouseMotionListener)

2. Practice content:

Design a simple backgammon program that can realize the backgammon playing process. As shown in the figure below

Gobang running interface

1. Gobang board type

package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
 
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Cursor;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.RadialGradientPaint;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseMotionListener;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
 
import javax.swing.*;
/**
 * 五子棋--棋盘类 
 */
 
public class ChessBoard extends JPanel implements MouseListener {
   public static final int MARGIN=30;//边距
   public static final int GRID_SPAN=35;//网格间距
   public static final int ROWS=15;//棋盘行数
   public static final int COLS=15;//棋盘列数
   
   Point[] chessList=new Point[(ROWS+1)*(COLS+1)];//初始每个数组元素为null
   boolean isBlack=true;//默认开始是黑棋先
   boolean gameOver=false;//游戏是否结束
   int chessCount;//当前棋盘棋子的个数
   int xIndex,yIndex;//当前刚下棋子的索引
   
   Image img;
   Image shadows;
   Color colortemp;
   public ChessBoard(){
      
      // setBackground(Color.blue);//设置背景色为橘黄色
       img=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("board.jpg");
       shadows=Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("shadows.jpg");
       addMouseListener(this);
       addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionListener(){
           public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e){
               
           }
           
           public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){
             int x1=(e.getX()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
             //将鼠标点击的坐标位置转成网格索引
             int y1=(e.getY()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
             //游戏已经结束不能下
             //落在棋盘外不能下
             //x，y位置已经有棋子存在，不能下
             if(x1<0||x1>ROWS||y1<0||y1>COLS||gameOver||findChess(x1,y1))
                 setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR));
             //设置成默认状态
             else setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
             
           }
       });
   } 
   
//绘制
   public void paintComponent(Graphics g){
     
       super.paintComponent(g);//画棋盘
     
       int imgWidth= img.getWidth(this);
       int imgHeight=img.getHeight(this);//获得图片的宽度与高度
       int FWidth=getWidth();
       int FHeight=getHeight();//获得窗口的宽度与高度
       int x=(FWidth-imgWidth)/2;
       int y=(FHeight-imgHeight)/2;
       g.drawImage(img, x, y, null);
    
       
       for(int i=0;i<=ROWS;i++){//画横线
           g.drawLine(MARGIN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+COLS*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN);
       }
       for(int i=0;i<=COLS;i++){//画竖线
           g.drawLine(MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN, MARGIN+i*GRID_SPAN, MARGIN+ROWS*GRID_SPAN);
           
       }
       
       //画棋子
       for(int i=0;i<chessCount;i++){
           //网格交叉点x，y坐标
           int xPos=chessList[i].getX()*GRID_SPAN+MARGIN;
           int yPos=chessList[i].getY()*GRID_SPAN+MARGIN;
           g.setColor(chessList[i].getColor());//设置颜色
          // g.fillOval(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2,
                           //Point.DIAMETER, Point.DIAMETER);
           //g.drawImage(shadows, xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, Point.DIAMETER, Point.DIAMETER, null);
           colortemp=chessList[i].getColor();
           if(colortemp==Color.black){
               RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+25, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+10, 20, new float[]{0f, 1f}
               , new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK});
               ((Graphics2D) g).setPaint(paint);
               ((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
               ((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_DEFAULT);
 
           }
           else if(colortemp==Color.white){
               RadialGradientPaint paint = new RadialGradientPaint(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+25, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2+10, 70, new float[]{0f, 1f}
               , new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.BLACK});
               ((Graphics2D) g).setPaint(paint);
               ((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
               ((Graphics2D) g).setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION, RenderingHints.VALUE_ALPHA_INTERPOLATION_DEFAULT);
 
           }
         
           Ellipse2D e = new Ellipse2D.Float(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, 34, 35);
           ((Graphics2D) g).fill(e);
           //标记最后一个棋子的红矩形框
           
           if(i==chessCount-1){//如果是最后一个棋子
               g.setColor(Color.red);
               g.drawRect(xPos-Point.DIAMETER/2, yPos-Point.DIAMETER/2,
                           34, 35);
           }
       }
   }
   
   public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){//鼠标在组件上按下时调用
       
       //游戏结束时，不再能下
       if(gameOver) return;
       
       String colorName=isBlack?"黑棋":"白棋";
       
       //将鼠标点击的坐标位置转换成网格索引
       xIndex=(e.getX()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
       yIndex=(e.getY()-MARGIN+GRID_SPAN/2)/GRID_SPAN;
       
       //落在棋盘外不能下
       if(xIndex<0||xIndex>ROWS||yIndex<0||yIndex>COLS)
           return;
       
       //如果x，y位置已经有棋子存在，不能下
       if(findChess(xIndex,yIndex))return;
       
       //可以进行时的处理
       Point ch=new Point(xIndex,yIndex,isBlack?Color.black:Color.white);
       chessList[chessCount++]=ch;
        repaint();//通知系统重新绘制
      
       
       //如果胜出则给出提示信息，不能继续下棋
       
       if(isWin()){
           String msg=String.format("恭喜，%s赢了！", colorName);
           JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);
           gameOver=true;
       }
       isBlack=!isBlack;
     }
   //覆盖mouseListener的方法
   public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e){
       //鼠标按键在组件上单击时调用
   }
   
   public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e){
       //鼠标进入到组件上时调用
   }
   public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e){
       //鼠标离开组件时调用
   }
   public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e){
       //鼠标按钮在组件上释放时调用
   }
   //在棋子数组中查找是否有索引为x，y的棋子存在
   private boolean findChess(int x,int y){
       for(Point c:chessList){
           if(c!=null&&c.getX()==x&&c.getY()==y)
               return true;
       }
       return false;
   }
   
   
   private boolean isWin(){
       int continueCount=1;//连续棋子的个数
      
       //横向向西寻找
       for(int x=xIndex-1;x>=0;x--){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(x,yIndex,c)!=null){
               continueCount++;
           }else
               break;
       }
      //横向向东寻找
       for(int x=xIndex+1;x<=COLS;x++){
          Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
          if(getChess(x,yIndex,c)!=null){
             continueCount++;
          }else
             break;
       }
       if(continueCount>=5){
             return true;
       }else 
       continueCount=1;
       
       //继续另一种搜索纵向
       //向上搜索
       for(int y=yIndex-1;y>=0;y--){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(xIndex,y,c)!=null){
               continueCount++;
           }else
               break;
       }
       //纵向向下寻找
       for(int y=yIndex+1;y<=ROWS;y++){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(xIndex,y,c)!=null)
               continueCount++;
           else
              break;
       
       }
       if(continueCount>=5)
           return true;
       else
           continueCount=1;
       
       
       //继续另一种情况的搜索：斜向
       //东北寻找
       for(int x=xIndex+1,y=yIndex-1;y>=0&&x<=COLS;x++,y--){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null){
               continueCount++;
           }
           else break;
       }
       //西南寻找
       for(int x=xIndex-1,y=yIndex+1;x>=0&&y<=ROWS;x--,y++){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null){
               continueCount++;
           }
           else break;
       }
       if(continueCount>=5)
           return true;
       else continueCount=1;
       
       
       //继续另一种情况的搜索：斜向
       //西北寻找
       for(int x=xIndex-1,y=yIndex-1;x>=0&&y>=0;x--,y--){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null)
               continueCount++;
           else break;
       }
       //东南寻找
       for(int x=xIndex+1,y=yIndex+1;x<=COLS&&y<=ROWS;x++,y++){
           Color c=isBlack?Color.black:Color.white;
           if(getChess(x,y,c)!=null)
               continueCount++;
           else break;
       }
       if(continueCount>=5)
           return true;
       else continueCount=1;
       
       return false;
     }
   
   
   private Point getChess(int xIndex,int yIndex,Color color){
       for(Point p:chessList){
           if(p!=null&&p.getX()==xIndex&&p.getY()==yIndex
                   &&p.getColor()==color)
               return p;
       }
       return null;
   }
   
   
   public void restartGame(){
       //清除棋子
       for(int i=0;i<chessList.length;i++){
           chessList[i]=null;
       }
       //恢复游戏相关的变量值
       isBlack=true;
       gameOver=false; //游戏是否结束
       chessCount =0; //当前棋盘棋子个数
       repaint();
   }
   
   //悔棋
   public void goback(){
       if(chessCount==0)
           return ;
       chessList[chessCount-1]=null;
       chessCount--;
       if(chessCount>0){
           xIndex=chessList[chessCount-1].getX();
           yIndex=chessList[chessCount-1].getY();
       }
       isBlack=!isBlack;
       repaint();
   }
   
   //矩形Dimension
 
   public Dimension getPreferredSize(){
       return new Dimension(MARGIN*2+GRID_SPAN*COLS,MARGIN*2
                            +GRID_SPAN*ROWS);
   }
   
   
   
}

2 .Chess piece category

package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
 
import java.awt.Color;
/**
 * 棋子类
 */
public class Point {
  private int x;//棋盘中的x索引
  private int y;//棋盘中的y索引
  private Color color;//颜色
  public static final int DIAMETER=30;//直径
  
  public Point(int x,int y,Color color){
      this.x=x;
      this.y=y;
      this.color=color;
  } 
  
  public int getX(){//拿到棋盘中x的索引
      return x;
  }
  public int getY(){
      return y;
  }
  public Color getColor(){//获得棋子的颜色
      return color;
  }
}

3.Gobang main frame category

package cn.edu.ouc.fiveChess;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.*;
 
import javax.swing.*;
/*
 五子棋主框架類，程序啟動類
 */
public class StartChessJFrame extends JFrame {
  private ChessBoard chessBoard;
  private JPanel toolbar;
  private JButton startButton,backButton,exitButton;
  
  private JMenuBar menuBar;
  private JMenu sysMenu;
  private JMenuItem startMenuItem,exitMenuItem,backMenuItem;
  //重新开始，退出，和悔棋菜单项
  public StartChessJFrame(){
      setTitle("单机版五子棋");//设置标题
      chessBoard=new ChessBoard();
    
      
      Container contentPane=getContentPane();
      contentPane.add(chessBoard);
      chessBoard.setOpaque(true);
      
      
      //创建和添加菜单
      menuBar =new JMenuBar();//初始化菜单栏
      sysMenu=new JMenu("系统");//初始化菜单
      //初始化菜单项
      startMenuItem=new JMenuItem("重新开始");
      exitMenuItem =new JMenuItem("退出");
      backMenuItem =new JMenuItem("悔棋");
      //将三个菜单项添加到菜单上
      sysMenu.add(startMenuItem);
      sysMenu.add(exitMenuItem);
      sysMenu.add(backMenuItem);
      //初始化按钮事件监听器内部类
      MyItemListener lis=new MyItemListener();
      //将三个菜单注册到事件监听器上
      this.startMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
      backMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
      exitMenuItem.addActionListener(lis);
      menuBar.add(sysMenu);//将系统菜单添加到菜单栏上
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);//将menuBar设置为菜单栏
      
      toolbar=new JPanel();//工具面板实例化
      //三个按钮初始化
      startButton=new JButton("重新开始");
      exitButton=new JButton("退出");
      backButton=new JButton("悔棋");
      //将工具面板按钮用FlowLayout布局
      toolbar.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
      //将三个按钮添加到工具面板
      toolbar.add(startButton);
      toolbar.add(exitButton);
      toolbar.add(backButton);
      //将三个按钮注册监听事件
      startButton.addActionListener(lis);
      exitButton.addActionListener(lis);
      backButton.addActionListener(lis);
      //将工具面板布局到界面”南方“也就是下方
      add(toolbar,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
      add(chessBoard);//将面板对象添加到窗体上
      //设置界面关闭事件
      setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
      //setSize(800,800);
      pack();//自适应大小
      
  }
  
  private class MyItemListener implements ActionListener{
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
          Object obj=e.getSource();//获得事件源
          if(obj==StartChessJFrame.this.startMenuItem||obj==startButton){
              //重新开始
              //JFiveFrame.this内部类引用外部类
              System.out.println("重新开始");
              chessBoard.restartGame();
          }
          else if (obj==exitMenuItem||obj==exitButton)
              System.exit(0);
          else if (obj==backMenuItem||obj==backButton){
              System.out.println("悔棋...");
              chessBoard.goback();
          }
      }
  }
    
  public static void main(String[] args){
      StartChessJFrame f=new StartChessJFrame();//创建主框架
      f.setVisible(true);//显示主框架
      
  }
}

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