Learn about flow arrays in golang

Golang is a programming language that has attracted much attention in recent years and is loved by many developers. Compared with other languages, golang has many unique technologies and features, one of which is the flow array (slice). A flow array is a data structure similar to an array, but unlike an array, a flow array can dynamically add or delete elements, making it more flexible and adaptable. Let's take a look at the flow array in golang.

1. Definition and initialization of flow array

In golang, the definition of flow array can be initialized using the make() function or directly using []T{}. Among them, the syntax of the make() function is as follows:

make([]T, length, capacity) //定义一个长度为length，初始容量为capacity的流转数组

Among them, T represents the type of elements in the circulation array, length represents the length of the circulation array, and capacity represents the initial capacity of the circulation array. It should be noted here that length and capacity do not have to be equal. If capacity is less than length, the capacity will be automatically expanded when adding elements.

For example, we can define an integer transfer array with a length of 0 and an initial capacity of 10:

a := make([]int, 0, 10)

In addition, the syntax for initializing directly using []T{} is as follows:

[]T{a,b,c}  // 定义一个包含a、b、c三个元素的流转数组

For example, we can define a flow array containing three integer elements like this:

b := []int{1, 2, 3}

2. Operations of flow arrays

The flow array can be transferred in the following ways Perform operations: add elements, delete elements, modify elements, length and capacity operations.

1. Add elements

In golang, you can use the append() function to add elements to the flow array. The syntax is as follows:

append(slice []T, element ...T) []T

Among them, slice means to add The flow array of elements, element represents the element to be added. It should be noted that the append() function will return a new flow array, and the original flow array has not been changed.

For example, we can add an integer element 1 to a like this:

a = append(a, 1)

At the same time, we can also add multiple elements to a:

a = append(a, 1, 2, 3)

2. Deleting elements

is similar to adding elements. You can also use the append() function to delete elements in the circulation array. The syntax is as follows:

append(slice []T, element ...T) []T

Among them, slice represents the circulation array of elements to be deleted, followed by The...T represents variadic parameters, i.e. one or more elements can be removed. It should be noted that the append() function will also return a new transfer array, and the original transfer array has not been changed.

For example, we can delete the first element in a like this:

a = append(a[:0], a[1:]...)

The... here means adding all the elements in a[1:] to a[:0 one by one ], thereby achieving the purpose of deleting the first element in a. Similarly, we can also delete multiple elements:

a = append(a[:0], a[3:]...)

The above code can delete the 0th to 2nd (excluding the 3rd) elements in a.

3. Modify elements

Similar to other languages, elements in the flow array can be modified directly through subscripts.

For example, we can modify the first element in a to 5 like this:

a[0] = 5

4. Length and capacity operations

You can use len to transfer the length of the array () function to obtain, the capacity can be obtained using the cap() function.

For example, we can get the length and capacity of a like this:

println(len(a))
println(cap(a))

At the same time, we can also use the built-in copy() function to copy between transfer arrays:

b := make([]int, len(a), cap(a))
copy(b, a)

3. Summary

As a flexible data structure suitable for multiple scenarios, flow array is widely used in golang development. Using flow arrays, you can not only perform common operations such as adding, deleting, modifying, and traversing elements, but you can also use built-in functions to implement more complex operations such as sorting and searching. Therefore, understanding and mastering the use of flow arrays will have an important impact on the work efficiency and code quality of golang developers.

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