Share oracle management tutorial

Oracle is one of the world's largest enterprise-level database management systems. It has a wide range of application scenarios, including banking, telecommunications, government and many other fields. As a technician engaged in Oracle management, an in-depth understanding of Oracle's basic architecture and management processes can improve the stability and security of the database. This article introduces Oracle management in detail, explaining it from aspects such as overview, installation, configuration, backup, and recovery.

1. Overview

Oracle is a relational database management system developed by Oracle Corporation. Oracle's main advantages include: stability, security, scalability and high availability. Oracle database can run on Windows, Linux, Unix and other operating systems, so it is suitable for various enterprise-level application scenarios. Currently, the latest version of Oracle is 19c, and users can choose to install and use it in the cloud or locally.

Oracle's architecture consists of two main components: instances and databases. The instance is embodied in the Oracle process and manages memory and background processes. The specific data of the database is stored on disk.

2. Installation

Oracle installation is an important task and requires preparation on the operating system before installing the Oracle database. Users first need to confirm that the computer hardware and operating system meet Oracle's minimum system requirements, and then perform some preparation work.

1. Preparation

Before starting to install Oracle, users need to go online to query and download the Oracle installation file. The Oracle installation file is usually a .tar compressed file. Users can FTP or HTTP protocol download. Users also need to check whether the system and disk space are sufficient to ensure that the installation process will not be interrupted due to insufficient space.

Oracle installation software requires special user groups and users, "oinstall" is one of them. During the installation process, the user needs to first create a user group named "oinstall", and then create an "oracle" user and Put it in the "oinstall" group.

2. Run the installation program

Before installing Oracle, the user needs to set some Oracle environment variables. These environment variables are usually configured in the "~/.bashrc" (or "~/.bash_profile") file.

In Linux, for example:
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib :$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

In Windows, for example:
set ORACLE_BASE=C:\app\oracle
set ORACLE_HOME=C:\app \oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1
set PATH=%ORACLE_HOME%\bin;%PATH%

After setting the environment variables, the user can start installing Oracle. Then run the "runInstaller" program and follow the installation wizard to make necessary settings (such as database character set, online documentation, etc.) until the Oracle instance is started. If the installation is successful, you can log in with SQLPlus.

3. Configuration

Configuring the Oracle database can be done in two ways: using Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM) or using the Oracle Command Line Interface (CLI). Configuration includes: creating table spaces, adding users, assigning permissions, etc.

1. OEM configuration

If your Oracle is running and the Oracle Management Console has been installed, you can perform basic management configuration operations through OEM, as well as understand Oracle's Performance and status information.

2. CLI configuration

CLI is the Oracle command line interface, which can manage Oracle through the SQL*Plus command line interface. Configuration operations performed in the CLI include the following:

• Create table space:
  CREATE TABLESPACE TableName LOGGING DATAFILE SizeM AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT SizeM MAXSIZE SizeM;
• Create users and grant Permissions:
  CREATE USER UserName IDENTIFIED BY Password DEFAULT TABLESPACE TableName QUOTA 10M ON TableName;
  GRANT select ON SchemaName.TableName TO UserName;
• Modify Oracle database parameters:
  ALTER SYSTEM SET init .oraParameter=Value;

4. Backup

Database backup is very important, it can help you easily restore the original data when the database fails. There are three main methods for Oracle backup: physical backup, logical backup, and online backup.

1. Physical backup

Physical backup includes full backup and incremental backup. A full backup means backing up the database to another device, such as tape or hard drive. Incremental backup only backs up data that has changed since the last full or incremental backup.

2. Logical backup

Logical backup refers to exporting the database to a dump file. You can choose to export the entire database or part of the data (for example, a group of users is specified). Logical backups are more flexible than physical backups.

3. Online backup

Online backup combines database backup with online operation. Oracle has features that support high availability and online backup, such as Flashback, RMAN backup, etc., so the database can be backed up and restored at any time.

5. Recovery

When the database is damaged or other failures occur, recovery operations must be performed. Recovery can restore the database to the state at the previous point in time. Recovery operations involve many details, such as choosing which backup to restore from, the order of log files, etc.

There are two main methods of recovery: physical recovery and logical recovery. Physical recovery includes full recovery and incremental recovery. Full recovery means starting from a full backup and applying incremental backups in sequence until the required point in time is restored. Incremental recovery only requires the application of incremental backups. Logical recovery refers to the recovery from the dump file to the point in time that needs to be recovered.

Summary

This concludes the introduction of the Oracle management tutorial in this article. Above we have learned about Oracle's overview, installation, configuration, backup, recovery, etc. As one of the enterprise-level database management systems, Oracle is the backbone of the database management field and is indispensable for databases that need to be used in Windows, Unix, Linux and other systems. I hope this article has answered readers' questions about Oracle management and provided some valuable information, allowing readers to have a deeper understanding of Oracle management.

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