How to install MySQL source code in Linux environment

MySQL is a database management system widely used in various high-load applications. It has the advantages of high performance, high reliability and high security, and is the first choice of many developers and enterprises. On the Linux platform, the installation operation of MySQL is very simple, just follow the installation instructions. But if you need to learn more deeply and master the core technology of MySQL, you must master the source code installation method of MySQL. This article will introduce in detail how to install MySQL source code in a Linux environment for readers' reference.

1. Preparation before installation

Before installing the MySQL source code, some preparations are required:

1. System environment

MySQL source code installation It needs to be done in a Linux environment, so you need to prepare a Linux server first. This article will use CentOS 7 as an example.

2. Compilation tools

Compiling source code in a Linux environment requires some compilation tools, such as gcc, make, cmake, etc. You can install it through the following command:

yum install gcc gcc-c++ cmake make automake autoconf libtool libaio libaio-devel

3. Dependency package

MySQL needs to rely on some libraries during the compilation process, including ncurses-devel, bison, etc. You can install it through the following command:

yum install ncurses-devel bison

2. Download and decompress the source code

Official download address: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

This article Take MySQL 8.0 version as an example for demonstration. After the download is completed, upload the source code package to the Linux server and decompress it:

tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.26.tar.gz

3. Compile and install

1. Enter the MySQL source code directory

cd mysql-8.0.26

2. Create a build directory to store compiled files

mkdir build
cd build

3. Use cmake to compile

cmake is a popular cross-platform automated build tool. Makefile can be automatically generated using cmake, thus simplifying the compilation process. The source code installation of MySQL is also compiled using cmake. Execute the following command in the build directory:

cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-8.0.26

Among them, -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX is used to specify the path of the MySQL installation directory. After the execution is completed, execute the following command to compile:

make
make install

4. Create MySQL users and groups

After the MySQL installation is completed, you need to create a MySQL user and group:

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

5. Modify the permissions of the MySQL installation directory

In order to ensure that MySQL has sufficient permissions when running, you need to modify the permissions of the MySQL installation directory:

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql-8.0.26

6. Initialize MySQL

After MySQL is installed, it needs to be initialized. Execute the following command in the bin directory of the installation directory:

./mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-8.0.26/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql

Among them, --defaults-file is used to specify the path of the MySQL configuration file. After the execution is completed, a random password will be generated and saved.

7. Start MySQL

./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-8.0.26/my.cnf &

8. Log in to MySQL

Enter MySQL:

mysql -uroot -p

Enter the random password you just generated to enter MySQL.

4. Configure MySQL

After the MySQL source code is successfully installed, some configurations need to be performed to ensure that MySQL can run correctly.

1. Configure my.cnf

The configuration file of MySQL is my.cnf, which is stored in the /etc directory under the installation directory. You can copy my.cnf to the /etc directory through the following command:

cp /usr/local/mysql-8.0.26/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

2. Configure the listening port

The default listening port of MySQL is 3306. If you need to change the port, you can change the port in my.cnf Configure in the file:

[mysqld]
port = 3307

3. Configure character set

The character set of MySQL needs to be set to UTF-8, which can be configured in the my.cnf file:

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

4. Set password

In order to ensure the security of MySQL, you need to change the default password to the password you set. This can be done through the following command:

mysql_secure_installation

5. Restart MySQL

After reconfiguring my.cnf, you need to restart MySQL:

systemctl restart mysql

5. Summary

Installing MySQL through source code can provide a deeper understanding of MySQL's internal mechanisms and functional features, and thus better master the usage and optimization techniques of MySQL. During the source code compilation process, you need to carefully read the installation instructions and error messages, and you also need to have certain Linux system management experience and programming experience. However, through continuous learning and practice, I believe readers will be able to master the method of installing MySQL source code.

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