How to operate the database in laravel

Laravel is a very excellent PHP framework that provides developers with many conveniences, such as simplifying coding, improving development efficiency, and easy maintenance. At the same time, Laravel also supports a variety of database operation methods, making it easier for developers to perform database operations. In this article, we will introduce how to perform database operations in the Laravel framework.

Step one: Set database information

First, we need to configure the database information in the Laravel project. It can be configured in the config/database.php file, which includes information such as database type, host address, port, database name, user name and password.

In Laravel, multiple databases can be supported. Therefore, configuration needs to be done in config/database.php, for example:

'connections' => [

    'mysql' => [
        'driver' => 'mysql',
        'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
        'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
        'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
        'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
        'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
        'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
        'prefix' => '',
        'strict' => true,
        'engine' => null,
    ],

    'mysql2' => [
        'driver' => 'mysql',
        'host' => env('DB2_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
        'port' => env('DB2_PORT', '3306'),
        'database' => env('DB2_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username' => env('DB2_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password' => env('DB2_PASSWORD', ''),
        'unix_socket' => env('DB2_SOCKET', ''),
        'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
        'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
        'prefix' => '',
        'strict' => true,
        'engine' => null,
    ],

As you can see, two database connections are defined here: mysql and mysql2, which correspond to different databases.

The relevant configuration of each database can be specified in the .env file:

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=database_name
DB_USERNAME=database_username
DB_PASSWORD=database_password

DB_CONNECTION=mysql2
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB2_DATABASE=database2_name
DB2_USERNAME=database2_username
DB2_PASSWORD=database2_password

These configuration information will be used in the Laravel application.

Step 2: Build the model

In the Laravel framework, models can be used to interact with the database. A model is a class used to process data in a database. Using models can map database tables to a PHP class, allowing us to operate the database more conveniently.

Use Artisan command line tools to quickly generate models, for example:

php artisan make:model User

This will generate a model class named User in the app/Models directory, where you can define tables, primary keys, timestamp and other information.

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'user';
    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
    public $timestamps = true;
}

Step Three: Query Data

In Laravel, database queries can be easily performed through Eloquent ORM. Models make it easy to query a table. For example, you can use the following Eloquent method to get all records in the "User" table:

use App\Models\User;

$users = User::all();

When using the findOrFail method to find records, you can use this method with the model ID:

$user = User::findOrFail(1);

Query some When recording, you can use the where method:

use App\Models\User;

$users = User::where('name', 'John')->get();

You can also use other conditions to query, such as:

$user = User::where('name', 'John')->first();

$users = User::select('name')->distinct()->get();

$users = User::orderBy('name', 'desc')->take(10)->get();

Step 4: Insert data

Insert data in the Laravel framework very simple. When using the model to create new records, you can use the following code:

$user = new User;
$user->name = 'John';
$user->email = 'john@example.com';
$user->save();

You can also use the create method in a class to create multiple new records at once:

User::create([
    'name' => 'Jane',
    'email' => 'jane@example.com',
]);

Step 5: Update data

Updating data through models is also very easy. You can update a record through the following code:

$user = User::find(1);

$user->email = 'john.doe@example.com';

$user->save();

You can also update records in batches:

User::where('name', 'John')->update(['email' => 'john.doe@example.com']);

Step 6: Delete data

Deleting data is similar to updating data. If you want to delete a single record, please use the following command:

$user = User::find(1);

$user->delete();

When you need to delete multiple records, you can use the following command:

User::where('name', 'John')->delete();

Note that the delete method will permanently remove the record from the database delete. Instead of permanently deleting it, you can use the soft delete feature to move it to another table.

Summary

Laravel ORM provides programmers with a powerful tool to operate databases. Through the above steps, you can easily perform database queries, inserts, updates, and deletes. It is worth noting that sensitive data should be handled with great care and good behavior. I hope this article will be helpful to you when operating databases in Laravel.

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