How to extend Uniapp’s native capabilities

As a cross-platform development framework, Uniapp can help developers achieve multi-terminal application development through a set of codes. However, sometimes we may need to use some native functions, such as push, payment, positioning, etc. At this time, we need to expand the native capabilities of Uniapp. This article will introduce how to extend Uniapp’s native capabilities.

1. What is Uniapp native extension
Uniapp is a cross-platform development framework. In most cases, we can use Uniapp's own API to implement application functions. However, Uniapp does not provide corresponding APIs for some specific functions, such as payment, push, storage, etc. Therefore, we need to extend Uniapp's native capabilities in a certain way to achieve these needs.

2. Two ways of native extension
In Uniapp, we can extend its native capabilities in two ways: plug-ins and modules.

1. Plug-in
Plugin (Plugin) is a way to extend the capabilities of Uniapp. It can achieve specific functions by calling native code in the front-end code environment of Uniapp. A plug-in generally consists of the following two parts:

• H5 part
  The H5 part can be a Vue component or a JavaScript file, which is responsible for communication with the native code when calling the native code.
• Native code part
  The native code part includes some native codes for different platforms, which are called by the H5 part to implement specific functions. Generally speaking, in application development for different platforms, we need to implement native code for Android and iOS systems respectively.

The development of plug-ins is relatively flexible and can be customized for specific needs. However, it requires certain native development capabilities.

2.module
Module is a way for Uniapp and native code to call each other. It is different from plug-ins in that module only packages native code and JS code at different ends together in the final packaging. It is relatively simple to deploy and use.

3. Plug-in development process
The plug-in development process is generally divided into the following steps:

1. Determine the requirements
Determine the functions that need to be implemented, including how to call the functions , passed parameters and returned results.

2. Write the code for the H5 part
Write the code for the H5 part and use JSBridge to call the native method. JSBridge is a component provided by Uniapp, which is used to communicate between H5 pages and native pages.

3. Implement native code
According to requirements, implement native code for Android and iOS systems.

4. Packaging and testing
Package and test and publish it to the app store. If there are any problems, optimize them.

4. Module usage process
If you need to use a module, you need to place the AAR or Framework file of the native code in the corresponding directory.

1.Android system
Place the AAR file in the app/libs/ directory and declare dependencies in the app/build.gradle file.

implementation files('libs/xxx.aar')

2.iOS system
Place the Framework file in the corresponding iOS project and configure the corresponding dependencies in Xcode.

import module

5. Summary
Uniapp’s cross-platform features are widely used in mobile application development, and can be used in a wide range of application scenarios. For some specific functions, you can use plug-ins or modules to expand them. The development of plug-ins requires certain native development capabilities, but the development process is flexible. Modules are simpler and easier to use than plug-ins, but they can only be used for specific needs.

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