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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP经典面试题之设计模式(经常遇到)_PHP

设计模式在面试过程中经常会提到,有时候还会让我们举例说明各种设计模式的应用场景。

使用设计模式可以减轻我们的工作量,优化我们的代码。

设计模式非常的多,这里介绍单例模式,工厂模式,组合模式,策略模式4种模式

如果有代码有什么问题或者有更好的方式请告知,谢谢!!!!!

/**
 * 单例模式
 * @author YangYang <1812271619@qq.com>
 * 可以想成在一次http请求中只产生该类的一个对象(即只new classname一次)
 * 经典的例子是数据库连接(redis,mongodb,memcache等)
 * 在一次http请求中我们可能需要对数据库做增删改查多条sql操作
 * 但是如果一次http请求中每执行一条sql我们就mysql_connect(),很明显会导致服务器资源的浪费
 * 为了节约资源,就可以通过单例模式来实现一次http请求只做一次mysql_connect()
 * 即将mysql_connect()放在类方法的__construct中,并将__construct方法做成私有,
 * 这样只能通过getInstance()方法来获得mysql_connect()的资源连接符
 * getInstance()方法中判断是否已经存在myql连接符,如果存在就直接返回该连接符
 * 否则new classname()即调用了__construct方法执行了mysql_connect()得到了资源连接符,并返回连接符
 * 因为现在PHP已不再建议直接使用mysql函数进行数据库操作,而是建议通过PDO进行数据库操作,所以这里写一个简易PDO连接的单例模式
 * 这里只是讲解单例原理,数据库的防sql注入等问题不做考虑
 * 准备工作 数据库:test 数据表:user 字段:id name 记录:1 CodeAnti
 * 最终运行结果: 数据表user中id=1这条记录被删除
 */
class SinglePDO
{
    private static $_instance = null;
    private $_pdo;
    //私有,防止外部直接实例化new SinglePDO(...)
    private function __construct($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword)
    {
        try{
            $this->_pdo = new PDO($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword);
            $this->_pdo->exec('set names utf8');
        }catch(PDOException $e){
            die("Error:{$e->getMessage()}");
        }
    }
    //私有,防止克隆
    private function __clone(){}
    //获取连接实例
    public static function getInstance($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword)
    {
        if(self::$_instance === null)
            self::$_instance = new self($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword);
        return self::$_instance;
    }
    //执行sql
    public function execSql($sql)
    {
        $result = $this->_pdo->exec($sql);
        return $result;
    }
}

$dsn = "mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test";
$dbUser = "root";
$dbPassword = "";
$sql = "delete from user where id = 1";
$pdo = SinglePDO::getInstance($dsn,$dbUser,$dbPassword);
$result = $pdo->execSql($sql); //$pdo->execSql($sql)多次调用,但仍然是同一个pdo对象
print_r($result);

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