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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP生成随机字符串(3种方法)_PHP

如用户注册生成随机密码,用户重置密码也需要生成一个随机的密码。随机密码也就是一串固定长度的字符串,文章整理了几种生成随机字符串的方法。
方法一

1、在33 – 126中生成一个随机整数,如35。

2、将35转换成对应的ASCII码字符,如35对应#。

3、重复以上1、2步骤n次,连接成n位的密码。

该算法主要用到了两个函数,mt_rand ( int $min , int $max )函数用于生成随机整数,其中 $min – $max 为 ASCII 码的范围,这里取 33 -126 ,可以根据需要调整范围,如ASCII码表中 97 – 122 位对应 a – z 的英文字母,具体可参考 ASCII码表; chr ( int $ascii )函数用于将对应整数 $ascii 转换成对应的字符。

function create_password($pw_length =  
{ 
$randpwd = ”; 
for ($i = 0; $i < $pw_length; $i++) 
{ 
$randpwd .= chr(mt_rand(33, 126)); 
} 
return $randpwd; 
} 
// 调用该函数,传递长度参数$pw_length = 6 
echo create_password(6); 

方法二

1、预置一个的字符串 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符。

2、在 $chars 字符串中随机取一个字符。

3、重复第二步n次,可得长度为n的密码。

function generate_password( $length = 8 ) { 
// 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 
$chars = ‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!@#$%^&*()-_ []{}<>~`+=,.;:/&#63;|'; 
$password = ”; 
for ( $i = 0; $i < $length; $i++ ) 
{ 
// 这里提供两种字符获取方式 
// 第一种是使用 substr 截取$chars中的任意一位字符; 
// 第二种是取字符数组 $chars 的任意元素 
// $password .= substr($chars, mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) – 1), 1); 
$password .= $chars[ mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1) ]; 
} 
return $password; 
} 

方法三

1、预置一个的字符数组 $chars ,包括 a – z,A – Z,0 – 9,以及一些特殊字符。

2、通过array_rand()从数组$chars中随机选出$length个元素。

3、根据已获取的键名数组 $keys,从数组$chars取出字符拼接字符串。该方法的缺点是相同的字符不会重复取。

function make_password( $length = 8 ) 
{ 
 
// 密码字符集,可任意添加你需要的字符 
$chars = array(‘a', ‘b', ‘c', ‘d', ‘e', ‘f', ‘g', ‘h', 
‘i', ‘j', ‘k', ‘l','m', ‘n', ‘o', ‘p', ‘q', ‘r', 's', 
‘t', ‘u', ‘v', ‘w', ‘x', ‘y','z', ‘A', ‘B', ‘C', ‘D', 
‘E', ‘F', ‘G', ‘H', ‘I', ‘J', ‘K', ‘L','M', ‘N', ‘O', 
‘P', ‘Q', ‘R', ‘S', ‘T', ‘U', ‘V', ‘W', ‘X', ‘Y','Z', 
‘0′, ‘1′, ‘2′, ‘3′, ‘4′, ‘5′, ‘6′, ‘7′, ‘8′, ‘9′, ‘!', 
‘@','#', ‘$', ‘%', ‘^', ‘&', ‘*', ‘(‘, ‘)', ‘-', ‘_', 
‘[', ']‘, ‘{‘, ‘}', ‘<', ‘>', ‘~', ‘`', ‘+', ‘=', ‘,', 
‘.', ‘;', ‘:', ‘/', ‘&#63;', ‘|'); 
 
// 在 $chars 中随机取 $length 个数组元素键名 
$keys = ($chars, $length); 
$password = ”; 
for($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) 
{ 
// 将 $length 个数组元素连接成字符串 
$password .= $chars[$keys[$i]]; 
} 
return $password; 
} 

时间效率对比

我们使用以下PHP代码,计算上面的3 个随机密码生成函数生成6 位密码的运行时间,进而对他们的时间效率进行一个简单的对比。最终得出的结果是:

方法一:9.8943710327148E-5 秒 
方法二:9.6797943115234E-5 秒 
方法三:0.00017499923706055 秒
可以看出方法一和方法二的执行时间都差不多,而方法三的运行时间稍微长了点。
通过比较三种方法的实现过程,时间效率对比,学习了PHP生成随机字符串的三种方法,希望可以对大家今后的学习有所帮助。

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