How to set up laravel environment variables with git

In recent years, Laravel has become one of the most popular PHP development frameworks, taking full advantage of the new features of PHP 7. Developers can build efficient, reliable and high-standard network applications through Laravel. However, one key that can save you a lot of time and effort when developing Laravel applications is to use Git to manage your code and do version control. Git makes it easy to rebuild an application's state and recover applications from erroneous, lost, or corrupted versions.

This article will introduce how to use Laravel with Git and how to easily and easily deploy applications in multiple environments. We will use environment variables to avoid hardcoding sensitive information like database credentials, API keys, etc. across multiple environments.

First, we will learn step by step how to set Laravel environment variables in Git. In a typical Laravel application, we can use .env files to save environment variables in the application directory. This makes it easy to update environment variables and sensitive information that normally should not be present in the code repository.

To do this, we can add the .env file to Laravel's .gitignore file to prevent unnecessary sensitive information from being uploaded to the code base. Typically, the key-value pairs defined by the developer in the .env file are specific to the local development environment and therefore should not be shared with the Git repository. You should use the same key but different values ​​in different environments.

Next, we need to set the value of the .env file in each environment. In a local development environment, developers can manually create and update .env files. However, when deploying to production, manually updating the .env file becomes further complicated. Therefore, in a production environment, you can use variables from the server environment to set the values ​​of the .env file.

In Linux systems, you can use the export command, which can define and set environment variables. As shown below:

export DB_HOST='localhost'
export DB_DATABASE='mydatabase'
export DB_USERNAME='myuser'
export DB_PASSWORD='mypassword'

Then, the values ​​in these environment variables will be automatically loaded when starting the Laravel application.

Now let’s take a look at the steps on how to use environment variables in Git.

Step 1: Copy the environment example

Laravel provides the .env.example file, which contains a sample document that can be used to automatically load environment variables.

Local development environment:

cp .env.example .env

Production environment:

cp .env.example .env.production

Step 2: Edit the .env file and add sensitive information to it

Open the .env file and edit the environment variables in it to add sensitive information such as your database credentials, API keys, etc. Make sure not to include .env files in your code base, especially if they contain sensitive information.

Step 3: Add the .env file to the .gitignore file

Make sure the .env file is added to the application's .gitignore file to avoid unnecessary publishing of sensitive information to GitHub or other Git servers.

Step 4: Set environment variables in the server environment

Setting the environment variables in the server environment allows you to easily replace the values ​​in the .env file when running the Laravel application, so there is no need to set the environment variable in the server environment every time. Manually configure the .env file in each environment. Different environment variables can be used on different servers. In Linux, environment variables can be set using the export command.

Step 5: Build a Git repository

Use Git repository to manage version control of Laravel applications.

Step 6: Deploy the application to the server

Finally, when deploying the application in a production environment, remember to update the values ​​in the .env file or .env.production file. Use Laravel's php artisan key:generate command to generate a new Laravel key. If sensitive information needs to be changed, overwrite them using server environment variables and restart the server to load the new values.

In this article, we learned how to set Laravel environment variables in Git to avoid having sensitive information hardcoded in multiple environments. If you set and manage environment variables correctly and use Git for version control, you can easily deploy your Laravel application and ensure your codebase is always up to date. Good luck!

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