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使用方式

GroovyShell

GroovyShell 是 Groovy 的一个核心类,它可以在 Java 中执行 Groovy 代码。

我们先写一个简单的groovy测试脚本,输出 “hello world”。

package com.arm.groovy

println("GroovyShell test : hello world");

那么在java中怎么调用呢?其实只需要3行代码就可以了:

GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell();
Script script = shell.parse(new FileReader("test.groovy"));
script.run();
  • 其执行过程是:首先实例化一个GroovyShell的对象,然后通过GroovyShell解析groovy脚本文件的内容并返回Script对象,最后执行run()方法,执行脚本内容。

  • 这种方式支持支持 REPL(Read-Eval-Print Loop)模式,可以在命令行中逐行输入和执行 Groovy 代码。适用于快速测试和调试 Groovy 代码,或者是项目中有独立的可执行的groovy脚本文件。

REPL(Read-Eval-Print Loop)是一种交互式编程环境,它允许用户逐行输入代码,然后立即执行,并输出结果。REPL 环境通常用于快速测试和调试代码,因为它可以实时地展示代码执行的结果,帮助用户快速找到错误和调试代码。

在 Groovy 中,Groovy Shell 就是一种基于 REPL 的交互式编程环境。用户可以在 Groovy Shell 中逐行输入 Groovy 代码,并立即执行。当用户输入一行代码后,Groovy Shell 会立即对该代码进行解析、编译和执行,并输出执行结果,然后等待用户输入下一行代码。由于 Groovy Shell 的实时执行特性,它也常被用于探索性编程和演示代码。

除了 Groovy Shell,其他语言和平台也有类似的 REPL 工具,如 Python 的交互式环境(Python REPL)、Node.js 的命令行工具(Node.js REPL)等。这些工具都是一种交互式编程环境,可以帮助用户快速测试和调试代码。

GroovyClassLoader

我们先写一个简单的groovy测试脚本,输出 “hello world”。

package com.arm.groovy

def test() {
    println("GroovyClassLoader test : hello world");
}

那么在java中怎么调用呢?

try (GroovyClassLoader classLoader = new GroovyClassLoader()) {
    Class<?> groovyClass = classLoader.parseClass(new File("test.groovy"));
    GroovyObject groovyObject = (GroovyObject) groovyClass.newInstance();
    groovyObject.invokeMethod("test", null);
}

其执行过程是:首先实例化一个GroovyClassLoader的对象,然后通过GroovyClassLoader 解析groovy脚本并生成一个Class文件,在然后实例化一个GroovyObject,通过GroovyObject执行脚本中的方法。

可以看到这种方式比较强大的,其通过类加载的方式进行脚本的加载和解析,使其在java中可以像调用java类的方法一样调用groovy脚本中的方法。因此GroovyClassLoader 适用于需要动态加载和执行 Groovy 脚本的场景,如插件化系统、动态扩展;也适用于一些需要在运行时动态生成和编译代码的场景。

比如我们可以定义个groovy类,其实现一个java接口,在java运行时我们可以将这个groovy加载到spring容器中,通过bean的方式使用groovy脚本。

在 Groovy 中,所有的 Groovy 类都是 Java 类的子类,包括通过 Groovy 脚本动态生成的类。因此,当使用 GroovyClassLoader 加载 Groovy 脚本并编译生成 Groovy 类后,得到的 Class 对象实际上也是 Groovy 类型的 Class 对象,可以被强制转换为 GroovyObject 类型。

GroovyObject 接口是所有 Groovy 类的基类,它定义了 Groovy 类的基本行为和属性。因此,只要一个类实现了 GroovyObject 接口,它就可以被认为是一个 Groovy 类。在 Groovy 中,所有的 Groovy 类都默认实现了 GroovyObject 接口,因此,当我们从 GroovyClassLoader 加载 Groovy 类后,可以直接将其强制转换为 GroovyObject 类型。

当然这种方式我们也可以直接写脚本代码,而无需要脚本文件:

Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setVariable("name", "Groovy");
GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
Object result = shell.evaluate("println &#39;Hello, &#39; + name");

上述示例直接用 shell.evaluate() 的方式直接执行脚本语句。

ScriptEngineManager

首先我们还是准备一个脚本文件:

package com.arm.groovy

println("ScriptEngineManager test : hello world");

java调用:

ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("groovy");
engine.eval(new FileReader("test.groovy"));

其实这种方式和第一种方式大同小异,二选其一就可以了。

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