Home > Article > Backend Development > Super summary of Python date and time usage
Time is undoubtedly one of the most critical factors in all aspects of life, therefore, recording and tracking time becomes very important. In Python, you can track dates and times through its built-in libraries. Today we will introduce about date and time in Python, and learn how to use the time and datetime modules to find and modify dates and times.
Python provides time and datetime modules, which can help us easily obtain and modify date and time. Let us take a look at them one by one.
This module includes all the time related functions required to perform various operations using time, it also allows us to access the clock types required for multiple purposes.
Built-in functions:
Please take a look at the following table, which describes some important built-in functions of the time module.
##function | Description |
time() | Returns the number of seconds elapsed since the epoch |
ctime() | takes the elapsed seconds as parameter and returns the current date and time |
sleep () | Stops the execution of a thread for the given duration |
The function either takes this class as a parameter or returns it as output | |
| Takes the number of seconds elapsed since the epoch as a parameter and returns the date and time in the form of time. struct_time format|
Similar to localtime(), returns the time. The reciprocal of struct_time | |
mktime() |
ocaltime() in UTC format. Gets a tuple containing 9 parameters and returns the number of seconds elapsed since epoch pas output |
asctime() |
Get a tuple containing 9 parameters and return a string representing the same parameters |
strftime() |
Get a tuple containing 9 parameters and return a string representing the same parameters according to the format code used |
strptime() |
Analyze the string and return it in time. struct_time format |
Code Formatting:
Before explaining each function with examples, let’s look at all the legal ways to format code:
Code |
Description |
Example |
%a |
##Weekday (short version) | Mon |
%A | Weekday (full version) | Monday |
%b | Month (short version) | Aug
|
%B | Month (full version) | August |
%c | Local date and time version | Tue Aug 23 1:31:40 2019 |
%d |
Depicts the day of the month (01-31) |
07 |
%f |
Microseconds |
000000-999999 |
%H |
Hour (00-23) |
15 |
%I |
Hour (00-11) |
3 |
%j |
Day of the year |
235 |
%m |
Month Number (01-12) |
07 |
%M |
Minutes (00-59) |
44 |
%p |
AM / PM |
AM |
%S |
Seconds (00-59) |
23 |
%U |
Week number of the year starting from Sunday (00-53) |
12 |
%w |
Weekday number of the week |
Monday (1) |
%W |
Week number of the year starting from Monday (00-53) |
34 |
%x |
Local date |
06/07/22 |
%X |
Local time |
12:30:45 |
%y |
Year (short version) |
22 |
%Y |
Year (full version) |
2022 |
%z |
UTC offset |
0100 |
%Z |
Timezone |
CST |
%% |
% Character |
% |
struct_time class has the following attributes:
##Attribute | Value | |
tm_year | ##0000, .., 2019, …, 9999
|
|
1-12 | ||
1-31 | ||
0-23 | ||
0-59 | ||
0-61 | ##tm_wday | |
0-6 (Monday is 0) |
##tm_yday | 1-366 |
tm_isdst |
0, 1, -1 (daylight savings time, -1 when unknown) |
Now let’s look at a few examples of the time module.
Getting dates and times in Python is easy using the built-in functions and formatting code described in the table above.
import time #time a=time.time() #total seconds since epoch print("Seconds since epoch :",a,end='n----------n') #ctime print("Current date and time:") print(time.ctime(a),end='n----------n') #sleep time.sleep(1) #execution will be delayed by one second #localtime print("Local time :") print(time.localtime(a),end='n----------n') #gmtime print("Local time in UTC format :") print(time.gmtime(a),end='n-----------n') #mktime b=(2019,8,6,10,40,34,1,218,0) print("Current Time in seconds :") print( time.mktime(b),end='n----------n') #asctime print("Current Time in local format :") print( time.asctime(b),end='n----------n') #strftime c = time.localtime() # get struct_time d = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S", c) print("String representing date and time:") print(d,end='n----------n') #strptime print("time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :n") e = "06 AUGUST, 2019" f = time.strptime(e, "%d %B, %Y") print(f)
Output:
Seconds since epoch : 1565070251.7134922 ———- Current date and time: Tue Aug 6 11:14:11 2019 ———- Local time : time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=11, tm_min=14, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0) ———- Local time in UTC format : time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=5, tm_min=44, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0) ———– Current Time in seconds : 1565068234.0 ———- Current Time in local format : Tue Aug 6 10:40:34 2019 ———- String representing date and time: 08/06/2019, 11:14:12 ———- time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format : time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=-1)
Similar to the time module, the datetime module contains all the methods necessary to handle dates and times.
Built-in functions:
The following table introduces some important functions in this module:
##function | Description |
Constructor of datetime | |
Returns the current local date and time | |
Returns the current local date and time | |
Take the year, month, and day as parameters to create the corresponding date | |
Takes hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds and tzinfo as parameters and creates the corresponding date | ##date.fromtimestamp() |
Convert seconds to return the corresponding date and time | |
timedelta() |
它是不同日期或时间之间的差异(持续时间) |
现在,让我们尝试实现这些函数,以使用datetime模块在 Python 中查找日期和时间。
import datetime #datetime constructor print("Datetime constructor:n") print(datetime.datetime(2019,5,3,8,45,30,234),end='n----------n') #today print("The current date and time using today :n") print(datetime.datetime.today(),end='n----------n') #now print("The current date and time using today :n") print(datetime.datetime.now(),end='n----------n') #date print("Setting date :n") print(datetime.date(2019,11,7),end='n----------n') #time print("Setting time :n") print(datetime.time(6,30,23),end='n----------n') #date.fromtimestamp print("Converting seconds to date and time:n") print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(23456789),end='n----------n') #timedelta b1=datetime.timedelta(days=30, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8) b2=datetime.timedelta(days=3, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8) b3=b2-b1 print(type(b3)) print("The resultant duration = ",b3,end='n----------n') #attributes a=datetime.datetime.now() #1 print(a) print("The year is :",a.year) print("Hours :",a.hour)
Output:
Datetime constructor: 2019-05-03 08:45:30.000234 ———- The current date and time using today : 2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691 ———- The current date and time using today : 2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691 ———- Setting date : 2019-11-07 ———- Setting time : 06:30:23 ———- Converting seconds to date and time: 1970-09-29 ———- <class ‘datetime.timedelta’> The resultant duration = -27 days, 0:00:00 ———- 2019-08-06 13:09:56.653694 The year is : 2019 Hours : 13
The above is the detailed content of Super summary of Python date and time usage. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!