How to implement sso in golang

In today's Internet era, single sign-on (SSO) has become one of the very important technologies. It not only facilitates user login, but also improves the security of the website. In recent years, due to its efficiency and stability, golang has gradually become the development language chosen by many companies, and has attracted more and more attention from developers in the process of implementing SSO. Next we will introduce how golang implements SSO.

1. What is SSO

SSO, the full name is Single Sign On, refers to a technology that allows multiple applications to share the same authentication system. Its main function is to allow users to log in only once in multiple different systems to operate in these systems. This can not only reduce user operations and improve work efficiency, but also avoid the problem of users forgetting their account and password. The most commonly used implementation method of SSO is based on the Token authentication mechanism. After the user successfully logs in, the server will return a Token to the client. At the same time, the Token is used as the unique identifier of the user's identity. When the user accesses other systems, he only needs to carry the Token. Can.

2. The process of implementing SSO in Golang

1. Login authentication

First of all, when a user accesses a system, he needs to perform login authentication first, and the system needs to verify the user Are the name and password correct? If correct, a Token is generated and returned to the client. This token can be used within a certain period of time. If it expires, you need to log in again. In golang, you can use JWT (JSON Web Tokens) to generate tokens. JWT is an open standard and can be used for secure verification and data transfer in a variety of scenarios. Among them, JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. Any information can be stored in Header and Payload, such as user ID, etc., which can be used for judgment in subsequent verification. Signature is a signature generated based on Header and Payload encryption to ensure the security of Token.

2. Token Verification

During the SSO authentication process, the system needs to verify the Token to ensure that the Token is generated by the system and is within the validity period . The verification process can be performed in each system or through a dedicated authentication system. In golang, Token verification can be completed through middleware. We can define a middleware to check whether the Token in the request header meets the requirements. If it does not, it will return an error message. If it does, it will continue to the next step.

func AuthMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {

return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 
    authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization") 
    if authHeader == "" { 
        http.Error(w, "Authorization required", http.StatusUnauthorized) 
        return 
    } 
    token, err := jwt.Parse(authHeader, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) { 
        if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok { 
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"]) 
        } 
        return []byte("secret"),nil //这里是Token的密钥，可以根据实际需要进行设置 
    }) 
    if err != nil || !token.Valid { 
        http.Error(w, "Invalid token", http.StatusUnauthorized) 
        return 
    } 
    // Token校验通过 
    next.ServeHTTP(w, r) 
})

}

3. Token refresh

Expiration and sum of Token Refreshing is another very important element in SSO certification. If the token expires, login authentication needs to be re-entered, and users switch between different systems a lot. If they need to log in again every time, it will not only be cumbersome, but also have a negative impact on the user experience. Therefore, when the Token is about to expire, we can refresh the Token through a special interface to keep the user logged in. In golang, you can set a Token expiration time. When the Token is about to expire, refresh it through Refresh Token, thus avoiding the need for users to re-authenticate.

func RefreshToken(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

authHeader := r.Header.Get("Authorization") 
if authHeader == "" { 
    http.Error(w, "Authorization required", http.StatusUnauthorized) 
    return 
} 
token, err := jwt.Parse(authHeader, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) { 
    if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok { 
        return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"]) 
    } 
    return []byte("secret"),nil //这里是Token的密钥，可以根据实际需要进行设置 
}) 
if err != nil { 
    http.Error(w, "Invalid token", http.StatusUnauthorized) 
    return 
} 
if claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims); ok && token.Valid { 
    if time.Unix(int64(claims["exp"].(float64)), 0).Sub(time.Now())/time.Second < RefreshTokenExpired { 
        newToken := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, jwt.MapClaims{ 
            "user_id": claims["user_id"], 
            "exp": time.Now().Add(time.Hour * 24).Unix(), 
        }) 
        tokenString, _ := newToken.SignedString([]byte("secret")) 
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) 
        w.Write([]byte(tokenString)) 
        return 
    } 
} 
http.Error(w, "Failed to refresh token", http.StatusUnauthorized)

}

4. Cross-domain processing

When performing SSO authentication, since Token and other information need to be transferred between each system, cross-domain issues need to be considered. In golang, cross-domain problems can be solved by modifying the Header. We can define a cross-domain middleware and add the corresponding header to the request to solve the problem of cross-domain requests.

func CORSMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {

return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 
    w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*") 
    w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, DELETE, PUT, OPTIONS") 
    w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization") 
    if r.Method == "OPTIONS" { 
        w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) 
        return 
    } 
    next.ServeHTTP(w, r) 
})

}

3. Summary

In today’s Internet era, SSO has become One of the very important technologies. In recent years, golang has gradually become the development language chosen by many companies, and has attracted more and more attention from developers in the process of implementing SSO. Through the above introduction, we can see that it is not difficult to implement SSO in golang. We can generate Token through JWT and perform Token verification and cross-domain processing through middleware to realize the SSO function.

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