An article to see how to use Golang to implement DBMS

In recent years, many companies have begun to move databases to the cloud, which provides new opportunities for the implementation of DBMS (Database Management System). At the same time, Golang (also known as Go) has also received more and more attention due to its high efficiency and low latency. So, how to use Golang to implement DBMS?

Before starting, let’s briefly introduce Golang. Go is a statically strongly typed programming language developed by Google. Its syntax is similar to C language, but it removes many tedious details and is more concise and easier to read and write. Golang also has advanced features such as coroutines, garbage collection, interfaces and type embedding, which can greatly improve programming efficiency.

Next, let’s take a look at how to implement a simple DBMS using Golang.

1. Design the database structure

Before implementing the DBMS, we need to design the database structure first. Suppose we want to design a membership table, which includes member ID, name, gender, birthday, mobile phone number, email and other fields. Then, we can use the structure (struct) in Golang to define the database structure. The specific code is as follows:

type Member struct {
    ID       int
    Name     string
    Gender   string
    Birthday string
    Phone    string
    Email    string
}

2. Connect to the database

In Golang, connecting to the database requires the use of the officially provided third-party libraries - "database/sql" and "database/sql/driver" . This library provides a common SQL interface that can interact with various relational databases.

We first need to call the Open function in the "database/sql" library to open a database connection. Here we take the MySQL database as an example. The specific code is as follows:

import (
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:123456@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/test")
    if err != nil {
        // 异常处理
    }
}

In the above code, we use the Open function in "database/sql" to open a MySQL database connection, in which the first parameter is passed in MySQL string, the second parameter is the username and password.

3. Create a table

By connecting to the database, we can use Golang to write SQL statements to create tables on the MySQL database. The specific code is as follows:

_, err := db.Exec(`CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS members (
    id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    gender VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
    birthday DATE NOT NULL,
    phone VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (id))`)
if err != nil {
    // 异常处理
}

The above code executes the SQL statement by calling the Exec function in the "database/sql" library, and creates a table named members, which contains id, name, gender, There are 6 fields: birthday, phone and email. Note that auto-increment is used on the id field.

4. Store data

Now, we have successfully created a table named members in the MySQL database. Next, we need to store some data into the table. Just continue to use Golang to write SQL statements. The code example is as follows:

member := Member{
    ID:       1,
    Name:     "张三",
    Gender:   "男",
    Birthday: "1990-01-01",
    Phone:    "13800138000",
    Email:    "zhangsan@example.com",
}
_, err = db.Exec("INSERT INTO members(id, name, gender, birthday, phone, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)", member.ID, member.Name, member.Gender, member.Birthday, member.Phone, member.Email)
if err != nil {
    // 异常处理
}

5. Query data

In addition to storing data, we also need to support querying data from the database. Golang provides Rows and Row types to represent result sets of multiple pieces of data and single piece of data respectively. The code example is as follows:

rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM members")
if err != nil {
    // 异常处理
}
defer rows.Close()

var members []Member
for rows.Next() {
    var member Member
    if err := rows.Scan(&member.ID, &member.Name, &member.Gender, &member.Birthday, &member.Phone, &member.Email); err != nil {
        // 异常处理
    }
    members = append(members, member)
}

The above code queries data from the database and traverses the result set by calling the Query and Next functions in the "database/sql" library respectively, and then places the query results in a Member type slice. .

6. Summary

So far, we have implemented a simple DBMS using Golang, which includes connecting to the MySQL database, creating data tables, storing data and querying data. The above code can also be used as basic knowledge when learning "Golang and database development" in the future. For applications in actual production environments, we need more complex designs to provide more complete functions.

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