Let’s talk about low-speed autonomous driving and high-speed autonomous driving in one article

In a previously shared article: How to make self-driving cars "recognize the road", I mainly talked about the importance of high-precision maps in self-driving cars. A friend left a message, "If the author knew about STO Express sorting I’m afraid the working scene of an automatic mobile car will not have the views of this article?” In this dialogue, the related concepts of low-speed automatic driving and high-speed automatic driving were involved.

Self-driving cars, also known as driverless cars, are an automated vehicle and a vehicle that requires driver assistance or does not require control at all. As automated vehicles, self-driving cars can sense the surrounding environment and complete navigation and travel tasks without human operation. The ultimate goal of the development of autonomous driving is to be able to complete manned travel through autonomous vehicles. However, the development of autonomous vehicle technology, especially the development of high-speed autonomous driving, is not as simple and smooth as we imagined. At this stage, the self-driving transport vehicles and express delivery vehicles we see in fixed places such as campuses, parks, and airports all fall into the category of low-speed autonomous driving. So what exactly are high-speed autonomous driving and low-speed autonomous driving? What is the difference between high-speed autonomous driving and low-speed autonomous driving?

Low-speed automatic driving​

First of all, let’s talk about low-speed automatic driving. As the name suggests, low-speed automatic driving refers to autonomous vehicles that drive at lower speeds. The main purpose of low-speed autonomous vehicles is Its function is to carry objects, and it is simple and fixed relative to the application scenario, and the speed is generally less than 50 km/h. The technological development of low-speed autonomous driving has been relatively mature and has been applied to all aspects of our daily lives, such as in campuses, parks and other scenes, we see express delivery vehicles, shuttle buses in scenic spots and airports, etc. According to conservative estimates, including low-speed passenger-carrying unmanned vehicles, low-speed cargo-carrying unmanned vehicles, and unmanned work vehicles, China's low-speed autonomous vehicle sales will reach 25,000 units in 2021, and will reach 104,000 units in 2022. With the low-speed With the technological development of autonomous vehicles, low-speed autonomous vehicles will become a part of our daily lives.

The development of low-speed autonomous driving has also given rise to the formulation of industry standards. On October 29, 2021, led by the Shenzhen Intelligent Transportation Industry Association, more than 57 units and 112 experts jointly compiled the "Low-speed Autonomous Vehicles" "Urban Commercial Operation Safety Management Specifications" group standard was officially released. This team standard plays an important guiding role in the launch and use of low-speed autonomous vehicles. It also provides effective guidance for government functional management departments and places where low-speed autonomous vehicles are used. reference.

The development of low-speed autonomous driving has also won the favor of a lot of capital. In 2021, the domestic and foreign autonomous driving industry disclosed more than 200 important financing events, of which nearly 70% of low-speed autonomous driving product and solution providers received financing. Starting from 30 billion yuan. Among the nearly 70 financings, 47 were funded by foreign companies, including 9 foreign companies and 39 Chinese companies.

Regional distribution of financing companies

The development prospects of low-speed autonomous driving are very broad, and here are the reasons Mainly because low-speed autonomous driving solves many problems for consumers. For example, low-speed autonomous driving provides a good solution to the problem of the last mile of express delivery. Compared with the high cost of using manual labor for the last mile of transportation, Or use express lockers to deliver the last mile to consumers. None of these solutions can perfectly solve the last mile problem, but the emergence of low-speed autonomous driving can complete the job very well. Consumers can set the last mile through the mobile app. During the delivery time, the low-speed self-driving transport vehicle can deliver the express delivery downstairs or to the door on time, saving the time and cost of manual transportation of express delivery, and eliminating the need for consumers to go to the express cabinet to pick up the express delivery.

But in the development process of low-speed autonomous driving, there are still many problems that need to be faced. The most important one is the limitation of low-speed autonomous driving usage scenarios. When low-speed autonomous vehicles are released in an area, sufficient information of the site needs to be scanned (road information, intersection information, building information, etc.). Low-speed autonomous driving The driving car can be very familiar with the scanned site and can fully realize the automatic driving function. However, after changing the scene, the low-speed automatic driving car will not be able to adapt to the environment. It's like a child who needs to hold on to something to walk. If he doesn't have something to hold on to, he may not be able to walk. In short, low-speed autonomous vehicles are not intelligent and can only exert their full capabilities in autonomous driving in fixed scenarios.

Low-speed autonomous driving also provides a lot of technical reference for the development of high-speed autonomous driving. For example, in autonomous vehicles, various technologies such as hardware, software, algorithms, and communications will be integrated. The laser radar, Hardware equipment such as millimeter wave radar, satellite positioning, and inertial navigation are also used in low-speed autonomous vehicles, and technologies such as perception, positioning, planning, decision-making, and data storage are also applied, including wire-controlled chassis technology in the automotive industry chain. All are popularized in low-speed autonomous vehicles.

High-speed automatic driving

The main difference between high-speed automatic driving and low-speed automatic driving is speed and usage scenarios. The development goal of high-speed automatic driving is to be the same as human-driven cars. , can drive in all scenarios such as rural roads, urban roads, highways, etc., and can reach or even exceed the level of human drivers driving cars.

As mentioned above, the development of high-speed autonomous driving is inseparable from the use of hardware equipment such as lidar, millimeter wave radar, satellite positioning, and inertial navigation. It also requires perception, positioning, planning, decision-making, data storage, etc. Technology and other applications, in order to make high-speed autonomous vehicles drive safer, they also need the blessing of high-precision maps, GPS positioning and other technologies. In order to enable high-speed autonomous vehicles to drive in multiple scenarios and multiple ranges, the application of intelligent network technology has also become becomes more important.

At this stage, the development of high-speed autonomous driving is still in the testing stage. As high-speed autonomous driving technology continues to mature, intelligent network connection pilot demonstration areas, smart cars and wisdom Traffic demonstration areas, national-level Internet of Vehicles pilot areas, provincial-level Internet of Vehicles pilot areas and other venues are gradually opened, allowing high-speed autonomous vehicles to gain more usage scenarios. In July 2021, the Beijing High-Level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Zone Promotion Working Group announced that the Beijing Intelligent Connected Vehicle Policy Pioneer Zone officially opened the autonomous driving high-speed test scenario, allowing the first batch of companies to obtain highway test notices to conduct pilot tests, opening A two-way 10 km section of the Beijing section of the Beijing-Taiwan Expressway (Fifth Ring Road-Sixth Ring Road) was conducted for preliminary road testing and verification. This is also the country's first high-speed autonomous driving test section, providing more possibilities for the future development of high-speed autonomous driving.

The development of high-speed autonomous driving is not as rapid as that of low-speed autonomous driving. The main reason is that there will be more considerations for the deployment of high-speed autonomous driving. Unlike low-speed autonomous driving, there are fixed usage scenarios and the scenarios are relatively simple. . High-speed autonomous driving directly participates in the traffic environment and needs to face complex traffic scenarios. It needs to be able to flexibly solve emergencies such as ghost probes and pedestrians running red lights. Whether the technical level of high-speed autonomous driving can meet the requirements? If an accident occurs, it will It may cause life hazards to passengers and pedestrians, and affect the traffic environment. In addition, consumers are not consistent in their acceptance of high-speed autonomous driving. In the formulation of traffic laws and regulations, there are no specific standard requirements for high-speed autonomous driving. This series of problems has caused the development of high-speed autonomous driving to still be in its infancy. .

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