Detailed explanation of git strategy: branch, merge, commit, tag strategy

Git is one of the most popular version control systems today. It can be used as a collaboration tool to help multiple people collaborate on development projects, and can track each developer's code modification records. As the project grows, using Git becomes more complicated, and a strategy is needed to help us manage the code effectively.

1. Git branch strategy

Git branch strategy is a very important part of Git. It can help us complete our work more efficiently during the development process. Some people like to put all the functions of a project under one branch for development, but doing so will make merging the code very cumbersome and prone to conflicts. Therefore, using branches for development is the most appropriate choice.

In Git, there are many branch strategies, such as: long-term branch strategy, feature branch strategy, release branch strategy, etc. Normally, we will use a long-term branch strategy as the main branch, then develop the main branch through feature branches, and perform version control in the feature branch. After the feature branch is developed and tested, the code is released through the release branch.

2. Git merge strategy

Git merge strategy is also a necessary part, which can help us merge code from different branches together without conflicts. In Git, there are many merge strategies, such as: merge commit strategy, re-merge strategy, merge rebase strategy, three-party merge strategy, etc.

Normally, we will adopt the three-party merge strategy, which is a strategy of merging the code of two branches together. The following is the process of the three-party merge strategy:

1. Create a new feature branch on the main branch;

2. Develop on the feature branch and submit the code;

3. Perform a Pull operation on the feature branch on the main branch, and merge the code of the feature branch into the main branch;

4. If a conflict occurs, you need to manually resolve the conflict and resubmit;

5. Then push the code on the main branch to the remote warehouse.

3. Git submission strategy

Git submission strategy is also called the management strategy of Git submission information. During the development process, we need to write standardized commit messages to identify the entire change content. Standardized submission information can help us better manage code and reduce code errors and maintenance costs. The following is a canonical submission message:

<type>(<scope>):<subject></subject></scope></type>
<blank line></blank>

<blank line></blank>
<footer></footer>

The type includes the following Type:

• feat: new features;
• fix: bug fix;
• docs: document changes;
• style: formatting, missing Semicolon, etc.;
• refactor: refactoring;
• perf: performance optimization;
• test: test, including unit test and integration test, etc.;
• chore: maintenance tasks.

Scope refers to the area of ​​influence, which can be a module, a file, a function, etc.

subject is a concise summary of submission information.

The body is a more detailed description of the submitted information.

The footer includes information such as Breaking Changes and closed issues.

4. Git tag strategy

Git tag strategy is a strategy created to facilitate version identification and release. Tags can mark a certain version in the project, and the code of that version can be retrieved through the tag.

In Git, we can use the git tag command to create and manage tags. Tags can be divided into two types: lightweight tags and annotation tags. A lightweight tag is just a pointer to a specific commit, while an annotation tag is a Git object with information such as the committer, date, tag description, etc. In actual development, we usually use annotation tags.

When using tags, we need to pay attention to one issue, which is how to name the tags. When naming labels, it is best to use semantic naming so that the changes in this version can be expressed more intuitively. For example, we can use semantic version numbers to name tags.

In short, Git strategy is very important for team cooperative development. It can help us better manage code, reduce troubles and errors caused by experience and programmers’ personal style, and can also make code versions more stable and Maintainable. Therefore, in team development, we must develop good habits of regulating and complying with Git policies.

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