Let’s talk about the causes and solutions of laravel token error reporting

With the development of Internet technology, more and more websites adopt a front-end and back-end separation architecture. In this architecture, the front and back ends communicate through API interfaces. However, when using the Laravel framework to develop API interfaces, some users will encounter the problem of Token errors. This article will introduce the causes and solutions to this problem.

Cause of Token error

In Laravel, it is a very common way to use Token in API interface to verify user identity. The built-in authentication mechanism in the Laravel framework includes Token operations, but if it is not configured correctly, it will cause Token errors.

Generally speaking, Token errors may occur in the following two situations:

1. Token expires

Token uses a method called JWT (JSON Web Token) technology, which is a lightweight identity authentication mechanism based on JSON format. In the Laravel framework, the token validity period is 1 hour by default. If the Token is used after the expiration time, a Token expiration error will be returned.

2. Token authentication failure

When an invalid Token is used or no Token is provided, a Token authentication failure error will be returned.

Solution

Next, we will introduce several methods to solve Token errors.

1. Extend the validity period of Token

Extending the validity period of Token is a relatively simple solution. In Laravel, modifying the validity period of Token needs to be configured in the config/jwt.php file. Open this file and modify the TTN_TTL parameter to the required validity period.

2. Introducing related class libraries

In Laravel, there are some class libraries that can help us deal with Token-related issues. For example, spatie/laravel-jwt, tymon/jwt-auth, etc., these libraries provide very convenient solutions.

Below, taking spatie/laravel-jwt as an example, we will explain how to use the methods in the class library to handle Token error reporting.

First, introduce spatie/laravel-jwt into the project:

composer require spatie/laravel-jwt

Then, publish the configuration file:

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Jwt\JwtServiceProvider"

Next, register the authentication guard corresponding to JwtAuthGuard in the AuthServiceProvider.php file:

public function boot()
{
    $this->registerPolicies();

    Auth::extend('jwt', function ($app, $name, array $config) {
        return new JwtAuthGuard($app[GuardHelper::class], $app['request']);
    });
}

Finally, configure in the config/auth.php file:

'guards' => [
    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'jwt',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

In this way, you can use Auth::guard('api')->user() Obtain the user information corresponding to the Token.

3. Customized middleware

Finally, you can also solve the problem of Token error reporting by customizing middleware. Customizing middleware in Laravel is very simple, you only need to create it through the artisan command.

Before you start creating middleware, there is a prerequisite: you must have an understanding of the execution process of Laravel middleware. Simply put, the execution process of Laravel middleware is as follows:

Middleware 1 - （如果存在）Middleware 2 - （如果存在）Middleware 3 - Controller

To put it bluntly, it is a stack structure. Before executing the Controller method, you can write custom Token verification logic in the middleware. If Token verification fails, just return an error message directly.

The following is an example:

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Factory as AuthFactory;

class TokenAuth
{
    protected $auth;

    public function __construct(AuthFactory $auth)
    {
        $this->auth = $auth;
    }

    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        try {
            $user = $this->auth->guard('api')->user();
        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Token 认证失败'], 401);
        }

        if (!$user) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Token 非法'], 401);
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

In the controller's routing, just use middleware:

Route::middleware('auth:api')->get('/user', function (Request $request) {
    return $request->user();
});

In this way, when accessing the above route, it will be executed first TokenAuth custom middleware will return an error prompt if Token authentication fails.

Summary

Token error reporting is a relatively common problem, but as long as you understand the cause, you can take appropriate measures to solve it. This article introduces how to extend the validity period of Token, introduce related class libraries and customize middleware to solve the problem of Token error reporting. These methods are relatively practical, and developers can choose the method that suits them according to their actual situation.

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