How to use docker to deploy web programs

As a lightweight container technology, Docker has unique advantages in application deployment and management. Using Docker, we can package the application and its required running environment into a portable container to achieve rapid and flexible deployment and management.

This article will introduce how to use Docker to deploy web programs, taking Nginx PHP-FPM as an example.

1. Install Docker

First, we need to install Docker on this machine. The specific installation method can be found on [Docker official website](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/).

After the installation is complete, you can use the following command to check the Docker version:

docker version

2. Prepare the Web application

This article takes the simplest PHP program as an example: In this Create a new index.php file in any directory on the machine with the following content:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

3. Prepare the Docker file

Next, we need to prepare a Dockerfile for building Mirror. Create a new Dockerfile file in any directory of this machine with the following content:

# 基础镜像
FROM php:7.0-fpm

# 将本地文件夹挂载到当前容器
RUN mkdir -p /var/www/html
WORKDIR /var/www/html
COPY index.php /var/www/html

# 安装nginx
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx

# 将nginx配置文件复制到容器中
COPY default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# 开放80端口
EXPOSE 80

# 启动nginx和php-fpm服务
CMD service nginx start && php-fpm

The above Dockerfile contains the following parts:

• Basic image: that is, the image we rely on, select here PHP7.0-FPM is used as the base image;
• Mount the local folder to the current container: Here we copy the local index.php file to the container;
• Install Nginx: Install Nginx in the container and copy the configuration file to the container;
• Open port 80: Open port 80 of the container for external access;
• Start Services: Start the nginx and php-fpm services when running the container.

In addition, we also need an Nginx configuration file. Create a new default.conf file in any directory on this machine with the following content:

server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        root /var/www/html;

        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
                fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
        }
}

The above Nginx configuration file contains the following parts:

• server: Specify the port number and server name that Nginx listens on;
• root: Specify the root directory;
• location: Specify the request URL matching method;
• fastcgi_param: Specify the file path of the PHP program;
• fastcgi_pass: Specify the address of the php-fpm service.

4. Build the image

In the directory of the above two files, run the following command to build the image:

docker build -t webapp .

Among them, webapp is the image name, and the last . represents the current directory.

After the construction is completed, we can use the following command to view all current images:

docker images

5. Run the container

Run the following command to start the container:

docker run -p 80:80 -e TZ=Asia/Shanghai webapp

Among them, the -p parameter maps port 80 in the container to port 80 of the local machine, and the -e parameter specifies the time zone of the container.

After running successfully, we can enter http://localhost in the browser to access the web application.

6. Summary

Through the above steps, we successfully deployed a simple web application using Docker. Using Docker can effectively reduce the complex configuration process, making deployment and management easier and more automated. With the continuous development and improvement of container technology, Docker will surely become one of the mainstream tools for application deployment and management in the future.

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