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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQLCluster(MySQL集群)初入测试_MySQL

Mysql集群bitsCN.com MySQL Cluster 是MySQL适合于分布式计算环境的高实用、高冗余版本。它采用了NDB Cluster存储引擎,允许在1个 Cluster 中运行多个MySQL服务器。在MyQL5.0及以上的二进制版本中、以及与最新的Linux版本兼容的RPM中提供了该存储引擎。(注意,要想获得MySQL Cluster的功能,必须安装 mysql-server 和 mysql-max RPM)。
       
         目前能够运行MySQL Cluster 的操作系统有Linux、Mac OS X和Solaris(一些用户通报成功地在FreeBSD上运行了MySQL Cluster ,但MySQL AB公司尚未正式支持该特性)。
       
         一、MySQL Cluster概述
       
         MySQL Cluster 是一种技术,该技术允许在无共享的系统中部署“内存中”数据库的 Cluster 。通过无共享体系结构,系统能够使用廉价的硬件,而且对软硬件无特殊要求。此外,由于每个组件有自己的内存和磁盘,不存在单点故障。
       
         MySQL Cluster 由一组计算机构成,每台计算机上均运行着多种进程,包括MySQL服务器,NDB Cluster 的数据节点,管理服务器,以及(可能)专门的数据访问程序。关于 Cluster 中这些组件的关系,请参见下图:
         
  所有的这些节点构成一个完成的MySQL集群体系。数据保存在“NDB存储服务器”的存储引擎中,表(结构)则保存在“MySQL服务器”中。应用程序通过“MySQL服务器”访问这些数据表,集群管理服务器通过管理工具(ndb_mgmd)来管理“NDB存储服务器”。
       
       
       通过将MySQL Cluster 引入开放源码世界,MySQL为所有需要它的人员提供了具有高可用性、高性能和可缩放性的 Cluster 数据管理。
       
         二、MySQL Cluster 基本概念
       
         “NDB” 是一种“内存中”的存储引擎,它具有可用性高和数据一致性好的特点。
         MySQL Cluster 能够使用多种故障切换和负载平衡选项配置NDB存储引擎,但在 Cluster 级别上的存储引擎上做这个最简单。MySQL Cluster的NDB存储引擎包含完整的数据集,仅取决于 Cluster本身内的其他数据。
       
         目前,MySQL Cluster的 Cluster部分可独立于MySQL服务器进行配置。在MySQL Cluster中, Cluster的每个部分被视为1个节点。
       
         管理(MGM)节点:这类节点的作用是管理MySQL Cluster内的其他节点,如提供配置数据、启动并停止节点、运行备份等。由于这类节点负责管理其他节点的配置,应在启动其他节点之前首先启动这类节点。MGM节点是用命令“ndb_mgmd”启动的。
       
         数据节点:这类节点用于保存 Cluster的数据。数据节点的数目与副本的数目相关,是片段的倍数。例如,对于两个副本,每个副本有两个片段,那么就有4个数据节点。不过没有必要设置多个副本。数据节点是用命令“ndbd”启动的。
       
  SQL节点:这是用来访问 Cluster数据的节点。对于MySQLCluster,客户端节点是使用NDBCluster存储引擎的传统MySQL服务器。通常,SQL节点是使用命令“mysqld    

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