Super detailed! Build LNMP environment using source code

This article brings you relevant knowledge about PHP. It mainly introduces how to use source code to build an LNMP environment. It is very detailed. Friends who are interested can take a look below. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Build LNMP environment using source code

1. Install RedHat8

Centos8, Or anything else. The virtual machine is VMware. There are installation tutorials online, so I won’t go into details here.

2. Configure the local software warehouse

// 把系统镜像挂载到/media/cdrom目录。
mkdir -p /media/cdrom
mount /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom
// mount: /media/cdrom: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.


// 创建软件仓库的配置文件
 ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel8.repo
[BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/BaseOS
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/AppStream
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

Test and install vim, wget

dnf install vim wget -y

3. Install the tools required for compilation

dnf -y install apr* autoconf automake numactl bison bzip2-devel cpp curl-devel fontconfig-devel freetype-devel gcc gcc-c++ gd-devel gettext-devel kernel-headers keyutils-libs-devel krb5-devel libcom_err-devel  libpng-devel  libjpeg* libsepol-devel libselinux-devel libstdc++-devel libtool* libxml2-devel libXpm* libxml* libXaw-devel libXmu-devel libtiff* make openssl-devel patch pcre-devel perl php-common php-gd telnet zlib-devel libtirpc-devel gtk* ntpstat na* bison* lrzsz cmake ncurses-devel libzip-devel libxslt-devel gdbm-devel readline-devel gmp-devel

4. Download the required software source code package

and save it in the /lnmp directory.

mkdir /lnmp
cd /lnmp

wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/rpcsvc-proto-1.4.tar.gz

wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz

wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/mysql-8.0.18.tar.xz

wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/php-7.3.5.tar.gz

wget https://www.linuxprobe.com/Software/wordpress.tar.gz

5. Install rpcsvc-proto

rpcsvc-proto is the name of a software package that contains rcpsvc protocol file support. The rcpsvc protocol will be used in subsequent Nginx and MySQL service programs. needs to be called during the deployment process.

tar xzvf rpcsvc-proto-1.4.tar.gz
cd rpcsvc-proto-1.4/
./configure
make
make install
cd ..

6. Install Nginx

Create an account for the operation of Nginx

The program is run by one user. For security reasons, of course it cannot It's root.

And it does not require a home directory or login, it is just used to run Nginx.

useradd nginx -M -s /sbin/nologin // -M 不创建家目录，-s 指定 shell
id nginx // 查询是否创建成功了
uid=1000(nginx) gid=1000(nginx) 组=1000(nginx)

Install Nginx

lnmp]# tar zxvf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
lnmp]# cd nginx-1.16.0/
nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module  // --prefix指定安装目录， --with-开启http_ssl_module模块
nginx-1.16.0]# make
nginx-1.16.0]# make install
nginx-1.16.0]# cd ..

Configure Nginx

Use the prefix parameter to specify the installation path, then the Nginx configuration file is under /usr/local/nginx.

Provide the owner of the user who runs the program, and the owner of the group.

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
// 打开文件后，我们在英文模式下，按下 shift + 冒号，输入2，回车，定位到第2行。
// 连按两次 ESC，取消当前使用模式
// 再次 shift + 冒号，输入 set nu，回车，我们可以显示行号

1 
2 user  nginx nginx; // 第二行，修改为这样

In line 45, add index.php to the index configuration (the file that can be used as the default home page).

 43         location / {
 44             root   html;
 45             index  index.php index.html index.htm;
 46         }

Delete the comment character # in front of lines 65 to 71 to enable the virtual host function, and then change the corresponding website root directory after line 69 to /usr/local/nginx/html, where fastcgi_script_name The parameter is used to refer to the script name, which is the URL requested by the user. Only when the information is filled in correctly can Nginx correctly parse the user request. Otherwise, the page visited will prompt a "404 Not Found" error.

63         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
 64         #
 65         location ~ \.php$ {
 66             root           html;
 67             fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
 68             fastcgi_index  index.php;
 69             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
 70             include        fastcgi_params;
 71         }

The software compiled and installed from the source code cannot be managed by systemctl by default. We can directly use its own /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx to manage it. It is recommended to add the /usr/local/nginx/sbin path to the PATH environment variable, so that we can directly enter nginx without adding a path.

Then use the source command to make this modification take effect immediately.

lnmp]# vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin // 这里加上 Nginx 的 sbin 路径

export PATH

lnmp]# source ~/.bash_profile // 让修改立即生效
lnmp]# nginx // 启动 nginx 服务

Open the browser to access 192.168.89.128 (my virtual machine address), the access failed

Close the firewall

systemctl status firewalld.service // 查看是否在运行
systemctl stop firewalld.service // 临时停止
systemctl disable firewalld.service // 永久关闭

Visit again and find that it works.

7. Install MySQL

Create a mysql user responsible for running the MySQL database. This user also does not need to log in.

lnmp]# useradd mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin

Installation

// 解压MySQL安装软件包
lnmp]# tar xvf mysql-8.0.18.tar.xz

// 将解压出的程序目录改名并移动到/usr/local目录下
lnmp]# mv mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
lnmp]# mv mysql /usr/local

/usr/local/mysql is the path to save the MySQL program file, /usr/local/mysql/data is the place where the data is stored, and each database is under it a directory. We also need to create it manually.

lnmp]# cd /usr/local/mysql
mysql]# mkdir data

Initialize MySQL, authorize the directory, and ensure that the data can be accessed by the mysql user. Before initialization, use the mysqld command to confirm the user name for managing the MySQL service, the data storage directory, and the encoding information. After the information is correct, start initialization. After initialization, the system will assign an initial temporary password to the user. Remember to save it.

The password assigned in the example below is qfroRs,Ei4Ls.

[root@linuxprobe mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@linuxprobe mysql]# cd bin
[root@linuxprobe bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
2021-05-06T07:07:06.243270Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) initializing of server in progress as process 7606
2021-05-06T07:07:08.116268Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: qfroRs,Ei4Ls

Similar to nginx, some binary executable commands of MySQL are stored in /usr/local/mysql/bin in its own program directory. We can also add them to the PATH environment variable for easy access.

[root@linuxprobe bin]# vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

export PATH
[root@linuxprobe bin]# source ~/.bash_profile

Put the startup script mysql.server into /etc/init.d so that the database can be automatically started every time the server is restarted. and grant executable permissions.

The libtinfo.so.5 file is an important function library file newly added after MySQL 8.0, but it does not exist by default. You need to copy the libtinfo.so.6.1 file or use it as a link file to start normally:

[root@linuxprobe bin]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@linuxprobe mysql]# cp -a support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
[root@linuxprobe mysql]# chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysql.server
[root@linuxprobe mysql]# ln -s /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.6.1 /usr/lib64/libtinfo.so.5

Execute the MySQL database service startup file and perform initialization work. For security reasons, MySQL no longer allows users to use temporary passwords to manage database content since version 8.0, nor can it be remotely controlled. Users must change the initialization password before they can use the MySQL database. As the database is an important component service of the system, it is recommended that the number of passwords be no less than 20 characters. For example, the following changes the password to "PObejCBeDzTRCncXwgBy".

[root@linuxprobe mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysql.server start 
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/linuxprobe.com.err'.
. SUCCESS! 
[root@linuxprobe mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 输入初始化时给的原始密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'PObejCBeDzTRCncXwgBy'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql>

But this still doesn’t work. You still need to switch to the mysql database and modify the password value of the user form. This is also a new security requirement since MySQL database version 8.0.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
| …………省略部分输出信息…………  |
+---------------------------+
33 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'PObejCBeDzTRCncXwgBy';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

// 创建一个数据库
create database linuxcool;

8. Install PHP

Unzip the php source code package, compile and install

[root@linuxprobe mysql]# cd /lnmp
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# tar xvf php-7.3.5.tar.gz
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# cd php-7.3.5/
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-mysqli --with-curl --with-pdo_mysql --with-pdo_sqlite --enable-mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-gd
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# make
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# make install

Copy the generated php.ini configuration file to the installation directory (/usr/local/php/) to make it take effect. Now that the main configuration file is available, the php-fpm configuration file is also needed. Fortunately, it is also provided in the /usr/local/php/etc/ directory. You only need to copy the template:

[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@linuxprobe etc]# mv php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

// 复制一个模板文件到php-fpm.d的目录中，用于后续控制网站的连接性能：
[root@linuxprobe etc]# mv php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf

The php service is added to the startup item so that it will still take effect after restarting

[root@linuxprobe etc]# cd /lnmp/php-7.3.5
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

Disable some functions

[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
307 ; This directive allows you to disable certain functions for security reasons.
308 ; It receives a comma-delimited list of function names.
309 ; http://php.net/disable-functions
310 disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_open,proc_get_status,popen,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server

Start the php-fpm process

[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done

We are in /usr/local/ Create an index.php file under nginx/html and test it

<?php
phpinfo();

浏览器访问地址即可。

9、搭建一个 WordPress

把 Nginx 服务程序根目录的内容清空后，将 WordPress 解压后的网站文件复制进去：

[root@linuxprobe php-7.3.5]# cd ..
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# rm -f /usr/local/nginx/html/*
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# tar xzvf wordpress.tar.gz 
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# mv wordpress/* /usr/local/nginx/html/

为了能够让网站文件被 Nginx 服务程序顺利读取，应设置目录所有权的身份及可读写的权限：

[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# chown -Rf nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx/html 
[root@linuxprobe lnmp]# chmod -Rf 777 /usr/local/nginx/html

输入虚拟机 IP 地址访问 WordPress 网站的首页面。

后面按说明一步步操作下去即可。

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