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How to implement a single entry point using PHP without using the MVC framework

PHPzOriginal: 2023-03-29 11:32:15711browse

As web applications continue to develop, the way websites are built is also constantly improving. In the past, developers often built a website using multiple files, each responsible for handling different requests. However, this approach can lead to messy code that is difficult to maintain. Based on this, the MVC architecture came into being, dividing the code into three parts: Model, View and Controller, making the code easy to organize and manage. However, for some small applications or beginners, it is unnecessary to use the MVC architecture, and using the MVC framework will increase the access of the application, which is not conducive to performance optimization.

This article will introduce how to use PHP to implement a single entry without using the MVC framework.

Single Entry

Single entry is an architecture used in applications. The entire application has only one entry file, and all requests are processed by this file. The advantage of this architecture is that requests can be managed uniformly and maintained easily. At the same time, security restrictions can also be implemented on requests to prevent illegal access. In PHP, we can use the .htaccess file to forward all requests to the index.php file to achieve a single entry.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteBase /
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php [L]
</IfModule>

The above code forwards the request to the index.php file. It will only be forwarded when the requested file does not exist and the requested directory does not exist. ## Implement routing In single entry mode, we need to parse the URL and map it to the corresponding controller and action. This process is called routing. We can use regular expressions to parse the URL into two parameters: controller and action.

$request = $_SERVER[&#39;REQUEST_URI&#39;];
if (preg_match(&#39;/index.php\/(?P<controller>[a-z]+)\/(?P<action>[a-z]+)/&#39;, $request, $matches)) {
    $controller = ucfirst($matches[&#39;controller&#39;]) . &#39;Controller&#39;;
    $action = $matches[&#39;action&#39;] . &#39;Action&#39;;
} else {
    $controller = &#39;IndexController&#39;;
    $action = &#39;indexAction&#39;;
}

The above code parses the URL into two parameters, controller and action, and assigns them to the $controller and $action variables. If the URL does not comply with the rules, IndexController and indexAction are used by default.

Implement controllers and operations The controller is the core part of the single entry mode, responsible for receiving requests and calling corresponding operations. At the same time, the controller is also responsible for data processing and view output. A typical controller looks like this:

class IndexController
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        // 处理数据
        $data = [&#39;title&#39; => &#39;Hello World&#39;];
        
        // 输出视图
        require_once &#39;index.view.php&#39;;
    }
}

The above code defines an IndexController controller, which has an indexAction operation. The data is processed in the operation and passed to the view for output. ## Implement the view The view is another important part in the single entry mode, responsible for processing the data passed by the controller and presenting the data to the user. We can use HTML and CSS to build views. A simple view is as follows:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title><?= $data[&#39;title&#39;] ?></title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1><?= $data[&#39;title&#39;] ?></h1>
    <p>Welcome to my website.</p>
</body>
</html>

The above code uses PHP short tags to output the data passed by the controller.

in conclusion In this article, we introduced how to implement a single entry point using PHP without using the MVC framework. We use .htaccess files to forward all requests into the index.php file and routes to parse the URLs, mapping them to the appropriate controllers and actions. At the same time, we also introduced the implementation methods of controllers and views. Using a single entry point can make the code more organized and improve the maintainability and security of the code.

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