一、维护分区
对于表的维护,我们一般有如下几种方式: CHECK TABLE, OPTIMIZE TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE和REPAIR TABLE。
而这几种方式,对于分区同样适用。下面,我们一一阐述各种的作用。
1. Rebuilding partitions
重建分区,它相当于先删除分区中的数据,然后重新插入。这个主要是用于分区的碎片整理。
譬如:
ALTER TABLE t1 REBUILD PARTITION p0, p1;
2. Optimizing partitions
该命令主要是用于回收空闲空间和分区的碎片整理。对分区执行该命令,相当于依次对分区执行 CHECK PARTITION, ANALYZE PARTITION,REPAIR PARTITION命令。
譬如:
ALTER TABLE t1 OPTIMIZE PARTITION p0, p1;
注意:
一些存储引擎,譬如InnoDB,并不支持基于分区的Optimizing。当你执行该命令时,会rebuild整张表,在 MySQL 5.6.9版本以上,执行该命令会导致整张表被rebuild和analyze。在这种情况下,建议直接使用 ALTER TABLE ... REBUILD PARTITION 或 ALTER TABLE ... ANALYZE PARTITION。
3. Analyzing partitions
读取和存储分区中值的分布情况
ALTER TABLE t1 ANALYZE PARTITION p3;
4. Repairing partitions
修复被破坏的分区
ALTER TABLE t1 REPAIR PARTITION p0,p1;
5. Checking partitions
检查分区是否存在错误
ALTER TABLE trb3 CHECK PARTITION p1;
注意:
1> mysqlcheck和myisamchk并不支持分区表
2> 上述分区名也可用all替代,指的是对所有分区进行操作。
3> ANALYZE, CHECK, OPTIMIZE, REBUILD, REPAIR和TRUNCATE命令并不适用于子分区。
二、如何获取分区的相关信息
1. 通过 SHOW CREATE TABLE 语句来查看分区表的分区子句
譬如:
mysql> show create table e\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: e
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `e` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`fname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`lname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE (id)
(PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (50) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (100) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (150) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE ENGINE = InnoDB) */
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2. 通过 SHOW TABLE STATUS 语句来查看表是否分区
对应Create_options字段,譬如:
mysql> show table status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Name: e
Engine: InnoDB
Version: 10
Row_format: Compact
Rows: 6
Avg_row_length: 10922
Data_length: 65536
Max_data_length: 0
Index_length: 0
Data_free: 0
Auto_increment: NULL
Create_time: 2015-12-07 22:26:06
Update_time: NULL
Check_time: NULL
Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
Checksum: NULL
Create_options: partitioned
Comment:
3. 查看 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARTITIONS表
4. 通过 EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT 语句查看对于具体的SELECT语句,会访问哪个分区。
三、分区交换
分区交换的语法如下:
ALTER TABLE pt EXCHANGE PARTITION p WITH TABLE nt
其中,pt是分区表,p是pt的分区(注:也可以是子分区),nt是目标表。
其实,分区交换的限制还是蛮多的:
1> nt不能为分区表
2> nt不能为临时表
3> nt和pt的结构必须一致
4> nt不存在任何外键约束,即既不能是主键,也不能是外键。
5> nt中的数据不能位于p分区的范围之外。

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