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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL中distinct与group by语句的一些比较及用法讲解_MySQL

在数据表中记录了用户验证时使用的书目,现在想取出所有书目,用DISTINCT和group by都取到了我想要的结果,但我发现返回结果排列不同,distinct会按数据存放顺序一条条显示,而group by会做个排序(一般是ASC)。
 
        DISTINCT 实际上和 GROUP BY 操作的实现非常相似,只不过是在 GROUP BY 之后的每组中只取出一条记录而已。所以,DISTINCT 的实现和 GROUP BY 的实现也基本差不多,没有太大的区别,同样可以通过松散索引扫描或者是紧凑索引扫描来实现。
 
      那DISTINCT 和GROUP BY哪个效率更高?
 
       DISTINCT操作只需要找出所有不同的值就可以了。而GROUP BY操作还要为其他聚集函数进行准备工作。从这一点上将,GROUP BY操作做的工作应该比DISTINCT所做的工作要多一些。
 
      但实际上,GROUP BY 效率会更高点,为什么呢?对于DISTINCT操作,它会读取了所有记录,而GROUP BY需要读取的记录数量与分组的组数量一样多,也就是说比实际存在的记录数目要少很多。

下面来看MySQL中distinct及group by的一些用法分享。

CREATE TABLE `student` (          
      `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', 
      `age` int(10) DEFAULT '0'        
     ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

1.测试一

select * from student;

  

a  5
a  5
c  0

用distinct过滤掉两列都相同的记录

select distinct name,age from student;

返回

a  5
c  0

2.测试二
将表student的数据改为如下:

select * from student;

c  2
c  5

select distinct name,age from student;

返回如下,说明distinct后面有多于一列的字段时,只有每列的值完全相同才过滤

c  2
c  5

3.测试三

select * from student;

name age height
c  2  123
c  2  456
b  20  222

group by按两列同时分组

select name,age,sum(height) from student group by name,age;

b  20  222
c  2  579

group by按两列同时分组,同时在后面加上having的条件

select name,age,sum(height) as n from student group by name,age having n > 500;

 

返回

c    2    579

4.测试四
关于group by后面limit的测试


代码如下:

select songname,sengerid,count(sengerid) as n from t_song group by songname,sengerid having n > 1 
ORDER BY n DESC,songid ASC limit 10;

未知  8738  40
共同渡过  1432  24
风继续吹  1432  23
倩女幽魂  1432  23
无心睡眠  1432  23
罗百吉超嗨派对连续组曲  780  19
拒绝再玩  1432  19
风再起时  1432  18
每天爱你多一些  1480  18
千言万语  1794  18


代码如下:

select songname,sengerid,count(sengerid) as n from t_song group by songname,sengerid having n > 1 
ORDER BY n DESC,songid ASC limit 5;



未知  8738  40
共同渡过  1432  24
风继续吹  1432  23
倩女幽魂  1432  23
无心睡眠  1432  23

经过以上两个测试可以看出,如果sql语句中含有limit,limit是对用group by进行分组,并进行相关计算以后的limit操作,而不是对limit后面的指定记录数进行分组,从n那一列的数据每一行的值都大于10就可以看出来。

5.测试五
用以下的两种形式的distinct均可以得到相同的记录数,写法不一样,结果是一样的。

select count(distinct(songid)) from feedback;

select count(distinct songid) from feedback;

6.测试六
field singername is string,max(singername),如果singername有些列为空,有些列不为空,则max(singername)取非空的值,如果一列为zxx,一列为lady,则取zxx,按字母顺利取的。


代码如下:

select feedback_id,songid,songname,max(singername),max(time) as new_time from feedback 
group by songid order by new_time desc;


7.Sql语句中where,group by,order by及limit的顺序

where xxx,group by xxx,order by xxx,limit xxx

8.关于group by与count的问题
如果sql语句中含有group by,则最好不要将count sql转换为select count(*) from xxx,否则select与from之间的字段很有可能是后面要使用的,例如


代码如下:

select feedback_id,songid,songname,max(singername),max(time) as new_time from feedback 
group by songid order by new_time desc;



代码如下:

MySQL Query Error: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM feedback GROUP BY songid ORDER BY new_time DESC Error Info:Unknown 
column 'new_time' in 'order clause'


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