How to check which subdirectories are in the current directory in Linux

In Linux, you can use the ls command to see which subdirectories are in the current directory. Just execute the "ls -a" command directly. It can display all subdirectories and files in the current directory, including hidden files. . The ls command is used to display the contents of the current directory. It can display the file list of the current directory or the file list under the specified path; the syntax is "ls [options] [dirname]", and the parameter "dirname" is used to set the requirements. The directory to be viewed defaults to the current directory.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.

In Linux, you can use the ls command to see which subdirectories are in the current directory.

linux ls command introduction

ls command, the abbreviation of list, is the most common directory operation command. Its main function is Display the contents of the current directory.

ls command is used to display the file list of the current directory, and can also be used to display the file list under the specified path.

Syntax:

ls [options] [dirname]

Parameters	Description
options	parameters used by the ls command.
dirname	The directory to be viewed, defaults to the current directory.

Table 1 lists the commonly used options of the ls command and their respective functions.

##- aDisplay all files, including hidden files (files starting with .), which are also listed together. This is one of the most commonly used options. -ADisplay all files, including hidden files, but excludes the . and .. directories. -dOnly lists the directory itself, not the file data within the directory. -f#ls will sort by file name by default. Using the -f option will list the results directly without sorting. -FAdd the file type indicator after the file or directory name, for example, * represents a executable file, / represents a directory, = represents a socket file, | stands for FIFO file. -hDisplay file or directory size in a human-readable way, such as 1KB, 234MB, 2GB, etc. -iDisplay inode node information. -l Use long format to list file and directory information. -nUID and GID are displayed instead of the file user name and group name respectively. -r Output the sorting results in the reverse direction. For example, if the original file names are from small to large, the reverse is from large to small. -RListing together with the contents of the subdirectory is equivalent to displaying all files in the directory. -SSort by file size, not by file name. -tSort by time, not by file name. --color=nevernever means that the color display is not based on the file characteristics. --full-timeOutput in full time mode (including year, month, day, hour, minute)--time={atime,ctime}Output access time or change permission attribute time (ctime), not content change time.

Table 1 Common options and functions of ls command

Options	Function
--color=always --color=auto	always means displaying color, ls adopts this method by default. auto means to let the system determine whether to give color based on the configuration.

Note that when the ls command does not use any options, only the names of non-hidden files will be displayed by default, and will be sorted by file name, and will be sorted according to the specific type of the file. Colorize file names (blue for directories, white for general files). In addition, if you want to use the ls command to display more content, you need to use the corresponding options in Table 1.

Common examples of Linux ls command

ExampleDescriptionlsList all files in the current directoryls -l column Get detailed information about all files in the current directoryls /List all files in the root directoryls - l /List the detailed information of all files in the root directoryls -lhForm the detailed information of the file in a human understandable way ls -aList all files, including hidden filesls -d dirnameList the information of the folder itself, not the file information under the folderls -ltList file information sorted by file modification timels -lrtList file information in reverse order of file modification timels ./hai*List all files starting with hai under the current path

列出当前目录下文件

ls

显示当前目录下文件详细信息

ls -l

我们可以看到，我们使用了 ls -l 命令，显示了当前路径下的文件的详细信息，包括文件的权限，文件的用户组，文件大小和时间等信息。

显示所有文件

ls -al ~

total 156
drwxr-x---  4 root root  4096 Sep 24 00:07 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root  4096 Sep 22 12:09 ..
-rw-------  1 root root  1474 Sep  4 18:27 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-------  1 root root   955 Sep 24 00:08 .bash_history
-rw-r--r--  1 root root    24 Jan  6  2007 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   191 Jan  6  2007 .bash_profile
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   176 Jan  6  2007 .bashrc
drwx------  3 root root  4096 Sep  5 10:37 .gconf
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 42304 Sep  4 18:26 install.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  5661 Sep  4 18:25 install.log.syslog

通过使用 -a，你会看到以 . 为开头的几个文件，以及目录文件 （.）、（..）、.gconf 等等，这些都是隐藏的目录和文件。其中，目录文件名以蓝色显示，一般文件以白色显示。

注意，Linux 系统中，隐藏文件不是为了把文件藏起来不让其他用户找到，而是为了告诉用户这些文件都是重要的系统文件，如非必要，不要乱动！所以，不论是 Linux 还是 Windows 都可以非常简单地査看隐藏文件，只是在 Windows 中绝大多数的病毒和木马都会把自己变成隐藏文件，给用户带来了错觉，以为隐藏文件是为了不让用户发现。

不仅如此，这里的 ls 命令还使用了 -l 选项，因此才显示出了文件的详细信息，此选项显示的这 7 列的含义分别是：

• 第一列：规定了不同的用户对文件所拥有的权限，具体权限的含义将在后续章节中讲解。

• 第二列：引用计数，文件的引用计数代表该文件的硬链接个数，而目录的引用计数代表该目录有多少个一级子目录。

• 第三列：所有者，也就是这个文件属于哪个用户。默认所有者是文件的建立用户。

• 第四列：所属组，默认所属组是文件建立用户的有效组，一般情况下就是建立用户的所在组。

• 第五列：大小，默认单位是字节。

• 第六列：文件修改时间，文件状态修改时间或文件数据修改时间都会更改这个时间，注意这个时间不是文件的创建时间。

• 第七列：文件名或目录名。

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