search
HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMysql外键约束_MySQL

Mysql外键约束_MySQL

May 27, 2016 pm 01:45 PM

Mysql集群创建外键,分为四种约束:no action,restrict,cascade,set null。如果表A的主关键字是表B中的字段,则该字段称为B的外键,表A称为主表,表B称为从表。外键是用来实现参照完整性的,不同的外键不同的外键约束方式将可以使两张表紧密的结合起来,特别是修改或者删除的级联操作将使得日常的维护工作更加轻松。

\

 

 

CASCADE: 从父表删除或更新且自动删除或更新子表中匹配的行。

·SET NULL: 从父表删除或更新行,并设置子表中的外键列为NULL。

·NO ACTION: 在ANSI SQL-92标准中,NO ACTION意味这不采取动作,就是如果有一个相关的外键值在被参考的表里,删除或更新主要键值的企图不被允许进行(Gruber, 掌握SQL, 2000:181)。 InnoDB拒绝对父表的删除或更新操作。

RESRICT:同no action。

环境模拟:

先来添加两张表:ta_resource和ta_resourcetime。

 

 

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ta_resource`;
CREATE TABLE `ta_resource` (
  `ResourceId` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `ResourcePId` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `ResourceName` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Type` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Desc` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Priority` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
  `IsFold` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `IsUse` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `URL` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Icon` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Css` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `JavaScript` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `TimeSpan` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
  `IsDefault` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`ResourceId`)
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `ta_resourcetime`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `ta_resourcetime`;
CREATE TABLE `ta_resourcetime` (
  `TimeId` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `ResourceId` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `ResourceName` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `RoleId` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  `RoleName` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `URL` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
  `StartTime` datetime NOT NULL,
  `EndTime` datetime NOT NULL,
  `IsDeleted` varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `Desc` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`TimeId`),
  KEY `ResourceId` (`ResourceId`),
  CONSTRAINT `resourceid` FOREIGN KEY (`ResourceId`) REFERENCES `ta_resource` (`ResourceId`) ON 
  DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION
) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


1、no action时

 

这两个表中的外键使用的是ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION

如果更改数据时, ta_resource是主表,ta_resourcetime是从表。

更新数据时:可以修改主表,但是不可以修改从表的数据。

删除数据时:先删除从表,再删除主表。


2、cascade时

集群搭建完再插入数据库表时,在on delete 和on update 都使用cascade时遇到了这样的问题:不能添加外键约束。

\

 

 

之前以为是mysql集群不支持外键,在网上查了mysql集群该版本支持外键约束和师哥们讨论过这个问题,表示mysql集群支持外键约束。于是经过多次实践,找到出现这种问题的原因:mysql集群中支持使用cascade,但是on delete 和on update只能有一个使用cascade,另一个使用no action就可以。

  3、内存不足

出现的问题:插入不进去数据,经过查询,是由于内存不足

 

 

\

 

解决方法:

 

在配置文件config.ini中对内存进行设置,主要对这几项进行设置:

MaxNoOfTables=10240

设置集群中最大表对象数量
MaxNoOfAttributes=500000

 

设置可在集群中定义的属性数量

 

MaxNoOfConcurrentTransactions=1000000
用于设定节点内可能的并发事务数
MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations=1000000
设置能同时出现在更新阶段或同时锁定的记录数
MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes=10240
设置有序索引的总数

如果不配置这些,mysql集群中会默认内存的大小,当内存满了以后就插不进去数据了。

以上就是Mysql外键约束_MySQL的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!


Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Explain the InnoDB Buffer Pool and its importance for performance.Apr 19, 2025 am 12:24 AM

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonMySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A ComparisonApr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

Learning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersLearning MySQL: A Step-by-Step Guide for New UsersApr 19, 2025 am 12:19 AM

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterMySQL: Essential Skills for Beginners to MasterApr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesMySQL: Structured Data and Relational DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:22 AM

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedMySQL: Key Features and Capabilities ExplainedApr 18, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

The Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesThe Purpose of SQL: Interacting with MySQL DatabasesApr 18, 2025 am 12:12 AM

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

MySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementMySQL for Beginners: Getting Started with Database ManagementApr 18, 2025 am 12:10 AM

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software