What network is hspa+?

HSPA is an enhanced high-speed packet access technology. It is an all-IP, all-service network. It increases the capacity of VoIP and other delay-sensitive services, reduces service establishment delays, and improves real-time services. At the same time, it is backward compatible with the original WCDMA network, which better protects the user's original investment.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

What is hspa network?

HSPA is the abbreviation of High-Speed ​​Packet Access. The highest uplink and downlink rates that WCDMA's R99 and R4 systems can provide are 64kbps and 384kbps respectively. In order to compete with CDMA1XEV-DO, WCDMA introduced HSDPA in the R5 specification and HSUPA in the R6 specification. HSDPA and HSUPA are collectively called HSPA.

HSPA's full name in English is High-Speed ​​Packet Access. Enhanced high-speed packet access technology is an enhanced version of HSPA. The highest downlink speed is 21Mbps. Most HSPA mobile phones basically support the highest uplink speed of 5.76Mbps. Compared with the maximum download speed of 21Mbps or 28Mbps, HSPA is faster. In general, HSPA is faster than HSPA, has better performance, is more technologically advanced, and the network is more stable. It is the fastest network before the use of LTE technology! ITU has listed HSPA as a standard for 4G networks. 4G standards include five standards: LTE-Advanced, WirelessMAN-Advanced, WIMAX, HSPA, and LTE (FDD-LTE and TDD-LTE).

HSPA provides operators with a low-complexity, low-cost way to smoothly evolve from HSPA to LTE. While retaining the key technologies of HSPA, it adds MIMO multi-antenna technology to improve system capacity and reliability. The continuous packet connection scheme is used to reduce the overhead and delay caused by potential transmission interruptions, frequent connection interruptions and reconnections, so as to increase the number of users, user capacity and system efficiency; the high-order modulation used by HSPA Technology increases data transfer rates for users.

HSPA is an all-IP, all-service network that increases the capacity of VoIP and other delay-sensitive services, reduces service establishment delays, improves real-time services, and is backward compatible with the original WCDMA network. The user's original investment is better protected.

HSPA rate

3GPP has continued to launch R7, R8, R9, etc., and continues to work hard to increase data rates. As shown in Table 1.

The main feature of R7 is to enhance HSPA to HSPA. The frequency bandwidth remains unchanged at 5MHz of R99 as always, so to increase the data rate, it can only be achieved by improving spectrum utilization. So here we see that HSPA uses higher-order modulation, introducing 64QAM in the downlink and 16QAM in the uplink. This has greatly improved the data rate. Another highlight of R7 is the introduction of a promising technology called multiple input multiple output, or MIMO for short. A senior expert has said: "In multi-user access systems, spatial processing is the most promising." This MIMO is a spatial processing technology. It does not use a single antenna to transmit and receive signals like the traditional one. Instead, multiple antennas are used to transmit and receive in space, requiring capacity from space. It is calculated that increasing the number of antenna pairs will increase the capacity linearly. That is, if the number of antenna pairs is doubled, the data rate will also be doubled. Here we see that after using two antennas to send MIMO received by two antennas, although the modulation is still 16QAM at R6, the rate is doubled.

The R8 version after R7 continues to increase the rate by improving spectrum utilization, and also proposes to increase the transmission rate through dual cells.

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