获取数组长度的方法:1、使用sizeof()函数,可获得整个数组在内存中所占的字节数,语法“sizeof(arr)”;2、使用库函数strlen(),可用于求字符串数组的长度,语法“strlen(arr)”;3、使用while循环遍历计数,语法“int i=0;while(arr[i++] != '\0');”。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、c99版本、Dell G3电脑。
方法1:使用sizeof()函数
用 sizeof 可以获得数据类型或变量在内存中所占的字节数。同样,用 sizeof 也可以获得整个数组在内存中所占的字节数。因为数组中每个元素的类型都是一样的,在内存中所占的字节数都是相同的,所以总的字节数除以一个元素所占的字节数就是数组的长度。
那么如何用 sizeof 获得数组总的字节数呢?只要对数组名使用 sizeof,求出的就是该数组总的字节数。下面写一个程序看一下:
# include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int a[10] = {0}; printf("sizeof(a) = %d\n", sizeof(a)); return 0; }
数组 a 是 int 型的,每个元素占 4 字节,所以长度为 10 的数组在内存中所占的字节数就是 40。而总的字节数除以一个元素所占的字节数就是数组的长度,如下面这个程序:
# include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int a[10] = {0}; int cnt = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]); printf("cnt = %d\n", cnt); return 0; }
这样不管数组是增加还是减少元素,sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]) 都能自动求出数组的长度。需要注意的是,它求出的是数组的总长度,而不是数组中存放的有意义的数据的个数。比如定义一个int型的数组:
int a[10] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
我们只初始化了五个元素,但是 sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]) 求出的是 10,而不是 5。换句话说,我们无法通过 sizeof(a)/sizeof(a[0]) 求出数组中有多少个有意义的数据。
方法2:使用库函数strlen()
strlen 函数是用来求字符串的长度(包含多少个字符)。strlen() 函数从字符串的开头位置依次向后计数,直到遇见\0,然后返回计时器的值。最终统计的字符串长度不包括\0。
strlen 函数也可用于求字符串数组的长度。
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(){ char str[100] = { 0 }; size_t len; gets(str); len = strlen(str); printf("Length: %d\n", len); return 0; }
方法3:使用while循环遍历计数
#include <stdio.h> int main(){ int a[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}; int i=0; while(a[i++] != '\0'); printf("Length: %d\n", i); return 0; }
这种方法适用于计算数组中实际元素多少
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