Can blockchain only use Go language?

no. Blockchain is a programming idea that can, in principle, be implemented using any programming language, such as Solidity, C, C#, Java, javascript, and Go. Blockchain technology involves many aspects. Broad, and programming language is just a means to present design concepts in code and make products to serve users.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, GO version 1.18, Dell G3 computer.

Blockchain is a programming idea that can, in principle, be implemented using any programming language. For example: C, Java, javascript, python, and Go can all be used to develop blockchain.

Blockchain technology covers a wide range of subjects, including: computer technology, cryptography, economics and many other disciplines. Programming language is just a means to present design concepts in code and make products to serve users.

Three major directions of blockchain development

Theoretically, you can use any programming language to learn and write blockchain projects. Including: C, C#, Java, Python, Go, Javascript, etc., all of which can develop blockchain projects.

For example, although the Bitcoin system is developed using C, when we learn the principles of Bitcoin, we can use the Bitcoin source code in any language such as Java, Python, and Go. However, different development directions have different preferred programming languages.

Blockchain development currently has three major directions:

• Blockchain underlying technology
  For the underlying technology, security and performance requirements are high. First choice: C, Go. The development languages ​​of common public chains are as follows:

• ## Blockchain upper-layer application: DAPP
  For the upper layer Application, involving smart contract development, front-end and back-end development and other related knowledge. Only rapid development and rapid iteration can seize market opportunities. First choice: Javascript, based on Ethereum and first choice Solidty.

• Token-related applications
  For token-related applications: focus on design logic, there is no special recommendation in terms of language.

Seven programming languages

Currently, most blockchain projects mainly use the following seven programming languages ：

1. Solidity

#Solidity, a new simple programming language popular among Ethereum developers because it is used to develop Ethereum The language of smart contracts. Solidity is a contract-oriented, Turing-complete programming language with an estimated developer base of over 200,000.

As Ethereum leads the way in smart contracts, many alternative blockchain platforms ensure that they are compatible with Solidity (or ERC-20), allowing smart contracts to be launched from Ethereum Easily ported to new blockchain networks.

Ethereum, technically Ethereum as the "world computer" used as the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), is composed of multiple languages, including C, Python, Ruby, Go, and Java. JavaScript serves as the backbone of Ethereum as it acts as the runtime environment for script execution.

2. Java

Java, a concurrent, object-oriented and class-based general-purpose programming language, is designed in such a way that Java has almost no implementation dependencies. Since its launch in 1995, Java has become one of the top three programming languages ​​and has over 9 million developers. NEM’s core blockchain network is written exclusively in Java (soon to be C).

3. C

##C#, an object-oriented language that enables developers to have at least 2M developers worldwide Build robust applications on the .NET Framework. C# was developed in 2000. Since its inception, it has become a popular programming language for building powerful cross-platform code that runs on multiple operating systems such as Windows, Mac, Linux, and Android. Blockchain projects written in C# include:

• Stratis is a Microsoft-backed blockchain-as-a-service provider that allows enterprises to build their own private blockchain systems.

• NEO is written in C#, but it also supports various programming languages ​​such as Javascript, Java, Python, and Go.

4、Javascript

Javascript, often abbreviated to JS, is a multi-paradigm language that supports event-driven, functional, and imperative (including object-oriented and prototype-based) programming styles. It is one of the world's most popular programming languages ​​used by at least 9.7 million developers worldwide.

#Lisk’s SideChain Development Kit (SDK) is written in JavaScript and allows developers to build applications on Lisk’s blockchain platform.

5, SQL

SQL, Structured Query Language or "Sequel" is a programming language developed by IBM for use with storing, querying, and manipulating data. communicate with the database. There are currently an estimated 7 million users using SQL. Popular databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, DB2, Oracle, etc. use SQL to develop applications. Blockchain projects that include SQL are:

Aergo, an enterprise-grade embedded solution developed by Blocko based on its proprietary Coinstack technology utilizing SQL smart contracts. Aergo Chain has a SQL-based smart contract platform that allows enterprise entities to create and execute advanced smart contracts in commercial business environments.

6, C

C, a general-purpose programming language with an estimated 4.4 million developers, whose greatest strength is its ability to scale resource-intensive applications and make them Its ability to run smoothly makes it a very popular 3D game programming language. Blockchain projects using C include:

• EOS, C is the main programming language for EOS because of its flexibility to run a large number of applications on the blockchain. EOS also supports any language compiled to WebAssembly (WASM).

• bitcoin, the Bitcoin Core network is programmed in C.

7. Golang

Go, also known as Golang, is an open source general-purpose language developed by Google. Programming language, originally designed to solve distributed computing, is an emerging language in the field of cloud computing. The syntax of Go language is similar to that of C language. Its characteristics are: fast compilation speed, high execution efficiency, friendly network programming, high concurrency, and cross-platform. Go is easy to learn and use. It can well meet the needs of blockchain industry development such as "high execution efficiency, high concurrency, cross-platform, and high network development requirements" and other characteristics. It is a perfect match for blockchain development!

# The underlying development of blockchain was mainly based on C in the early days. Now some projects are beginning to use Go language development. Projects written in Go include:

• HyperLedger Fabric: Most of the smart contracts built using HyperLedger Fabrics are written in Go.

#Why can Go language become the mainstream development language for blockchain?

Because the development of blockchain systems involves computing power and applications, these C languages ​​can naturally solve the problem, but the cumbersome development cost is too high. Use other upper-layer languages ​​​​such as Java, Python, etc. Although it can reduce development costs, the performance and blockchain computing power cannot keep up. Therefore, when developing blockchain technology, many companies will choose the Go language, which has low development costs and objective development performance, as the first choice language.

Go language is extremely efficient in developing blockchain and has obvious advantages, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1) It can be directly compiled into machine code and does not rely on For other libraries, the version of glibc has certain requirements, and deployment is completed by just throwing a file in it.

2) A statically typed language, but with the feeling of a dynamic language. A statically typed language means that most hidden problems can be checked out during compilation. The feeling of a dynamic language is that there are many packages that can be used. Write It's very efficient.

3) The language level supports concurrency. This is the characteristic of Go, which inherently supports concurrency. Go supports concurrency in its genes. It can make full use of multiple cores and make it easy to use concurrency.

4) Built-in runtime supports garbage collection, which is one of the features of dynamic languages. Although GC is not perfect at present, it is enough to cope with most situations we can encounter, especially Go1. GC after 1.

5) Simple and easy to learn. The authors of Go language all have C genes, so Go naturally has C genes. Then Go keywords are 25, but the expression ability is very powerful and can support most of you. Features seen in other languages: inheritance, overloading, objects, etc.

6) Rich standard library, Go currently has a large number of built-in libraries, especially the network library is very powerful.

7) Built-in powerful tools. There are many tool chains built into the Go language. The gofmt tool automatically formats the code, which can make team review so simple. The code format is exactly the same, and it is difficult to think differently. .

8) Cross-platform compilation. If the Go code you write does not contain cgo, then you can compile Linux applications on the window system. How to do it? Go references the code of plan9, which is information that does not depend on the system.

9) Embedded C support, Go can also directly include C code, making use of the existing rich C library.

【Related recommendations: Go video tutorial, Programming teaching】

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