In docker, a container is a runtime instance of an image, similar to a lightweight sandbox, which can be started, started, stopped, and deleted. Docker uses containers to run and isolate applications; each container is an isolated and secure platform.
The operating environment of this tutorial: linux5.9.8 system, docker-1.13.1 version, Dell G3 computer.
Docker includes three basic concepts
Image
Container
Repository
##Docker image
Docker image (Image) is similar to the image of a virtual machine, which can be It is understood as a read-only template for the Docker engine, including the file system. For example: an image can completely contain the Ubuntu operating system environment, and it can be called an Ubuntu image. The image can also have an Apache application (or other software) installed, which can be called an Apache image. Images are the basis for creating Docker containers. Through version management and incremental file systems, Docker provides a very simple mechanism to create and update existing images. Users can download a prepared application image from the Internet and use it directly through commands. In short, an application requires an environment to run, and mirroring is here to provide this environment.Docker container
Docker container (Container) is similar to a lightweight sandbox (because Docker is a virtual technology based on the Linux kernel, it consumes very few resources ), Docker uses containers to run and isolate applications. A container is a runtime instance of an image. It can be started, started, stopped, deleted. Each container is an isolated and secure platform. Schematic diagram of using a single Docker image to start multiple containers
Docker warehouse
Docker warehouse (Repository) is similar to a code warehouse and is a place where Docker stores image files centrally. Each warehouse can contain multiple tags, and each tag corresponds to an image. Usually, a warehouse will contain images of different versions of the same software, and tags are often used to correspond to each version of the software. Recommended learning: "docker video tutorial"
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docker中rm和rmi的区别:rm命令用于删除一个或者多个容器,而rmi命令用于删除一个或者多个镜像;rm命令的语法为“docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]”,rmi命令的语法为“docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]”。

docker官方镜像有:1、nginx,一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务;2、alpine,一个面向安全应用的轻量级Linux发行版;3、busybox,一个集成了三百多个常用Linux命令和工具的软件;4、ubuntu;5、PHP等等。

docker容器重启后数据会丢失的;但是可以利用volume或者“data container”来实现数据持久化,在容器关闭之后可以利用“-v”或者“–volumes-from”重新使用以前的数据,docker也可挂载宿主机磁盘目录,用来永久存储数据。

docker对于小型企业、个人、教育和非商业开源项目来说是免费的;2021年8月31日,docker宣布“Docker Desktop”将转变“Docker Personal”,将只免费提供给小型企业、个人、教育和非商业开源项目使用,对于其他用例则需要付费订阅。

docker能安装oracle。安装方法:1、拉取Oracle官方镜像,可以利用“docker images”查看镜像;2、启动容器后利用“docker exec -it oracle11g bash”进入容器,并且编辑环境变量;3、利用“sqlplus /nolog”进入oracle命令行即可。

解决方法:1、停止docker服务后,利用“rsync -avz /var/lib/docker 大磁盘目录/docker/lib/”将docker迁移到大容量磁盘中;2、编辑“/etc/docker/daemon.json”添加指定参数,将docker的目录迁移绑定;3、重载和重启docker服务即可。

有类似docker的软件:1、Podman,是一个无守护程序的开源Linux原生容器引擎;2、LXD,是一个专为LXC Linux容器设计的开源容器引擎;3、Buildah,是是红帽为容器化系统开发的一个OCI镜像构建工具;4、RunC等。

AUFS是docker最早支持的存储引擎。AUFS是一种Union File System,是文件级的存储驱动,是Docker早期用的存储驱动,是Docker18.06版本之前,Ubuntu14.04版本前推荐的,支持xfs、ext4文件。


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