What is the company that designed JavaScript?

The company that designed JavaScript is: Netscape. JavaScript was originally called LiveScript and was developed by Brendan Edge of Netscape in 1995; after Netscape cooperated with Sun, it was renamed JavaScript.

The operating environment of this tutorial: windows7 system, javascript version 1.8.5, Dell G3 computer.

JavaScript was originally called LiveScript and was developed in 1995 by Brendan Eich of Netscape Communications Corporation. Netscape renamed it JavaScript after it partnered with Sun (an Internet company known as "Sun Microsystems" that is now owned by Oracle).

Historical background of the development of JavaScript

1. Nombas and ScriptEase

About 1992, a company called Nombas The company has developed an embedded scripting language called C-minus-minus (Cmm for short). The idea behind Cmm is simple: a scripting language powerful enough to replace macros, while remaining similar enough to C (and C++) that developers can learn it quickly. The scripting language was bundled in a shareware called CEnvi, which for the first time showed developers the power of the language.

Nombas eventually changed the name of Cmm to ScriptEase because the last part (mm) sounded too negative and the letter C was "scary".

Now ScriptEase has become the main driving force behind Nombas products.

2. Netscape invented JavaScript

When Netscape Navigator came to prominence, Nombas developed a version of CEnvi that could be embedded in web pages. These early experiments were called Espresso Pages, and they represented the first client-side languages ​​used on the World Wide Web. Nombas had no idea that its concept would become an important cornerstone of the World Wide Web.

As Internet surfing becomes more and more popular, the need for developing client-side scripts also increases. At this time, most Internet users were connected to the network only through 28.8 kbit/s modems, even as web pages continued to become larger and more complex. What makes the user even more miserable is that just for simple form validity verification, it requires multiple round-trip interactions with the server. Imagine that the user fills out a form, clicks the submit button, waits for 30 seconds for processing, and then sees a message telling you that you forgot to fill in a necessary field.

Netscape, which was at the forefront of technological innovation at that time, began to seriously consider developing a client-side scripting language to solve simple processing problems.

Brendan Eich, who was working at Netscape at the time, began to develop a scripting language called LiveScript for Netscape Navigator 2.0, which was about to be released in 1995. The purpose at that time was to use it in browsers and servers (it was originally going to be called LiveWire) side uses it. Netscape and Sun completed LiveScript implementation in time.

Just before Netscape Navigator 2.0 was officially released, Netscape changed its name to JavaScript. Although Netscape originally named its scripting language LiveScript, Netscape later changed its name to JavaScript after working with Sun. JavaScript was originally inspired by Java and was designed. One of the purposes is to "look like Java", so there are similarities in syntax, and some names and naming conventions are also borrowed from Java. But the main design principles of JavaScript are derived from Self and Scheme.

The similarity in names between JavaScript and Java was the result of an agreement between Netscape and Sun Microsystems for marketing considerations at that time. In order to gain a technical advantage, Microsoft launched JScript to compete with JavaScript's scripting language. For interoperability, Ecma International (formerly the European Computer Manufacturers Association) created the ECMA-262 standard (ECMAScript). Both are now implementations of ECMAScript. Although JavaScript is promoted and advertised as a scripting language for non-programmers rather than as a scripting language for programmers, JavaScript is very rich in features. JavaScript has since become an essential component of the Internet.

3. Three pillars

Because JavaScript 1.0 was so successful, Netscape released version 1.1 in Netscape Navigator 3.0. It just so happened that Microsoft decided to get into browsers at that time, releasing IE 3.0 with a clone of JavaScript called JScript (so named to avoid potential licensing disputes with Netscape). Microsoft's entry into the world of web browsers, while infamous, was also an important step in the evolution of the JavaScript language.

After Microsoft entered, there were three different versions of JavaScript existing at the same time: JavaScript in Netscape Navigator 3.0, JScript in IE, and ScriptEase in CEnvi. Unlike C and other programming languages, JavaScript does not have a standard that unifies its syntax or features, and these 3 different versions highlight this problem. As concerns in the industry increase, it is clear that standardization of this language is imperative.

4. Standardization

In 1997, JavaScript 1.1 was submitted as a draft to the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). Technical Committee 39 (TC39) was appointed to "standardize the syntax and semantics of a general-purpose, cross-platform, vendor-neutral scripting language." Composed of programmers from Netscape, Sun, Microsoft, Borland, and other companies interested in scripting, TC39 hammered out ECMA-262, a standard that defined a new scripting language called ECMAScript.

The current implementations that comply with the ECMA-262 3rd Edition standard include:

Microsoft’s JScript

Mozilla’s JavaScript-C (C language implementation), now named SpiderMonkey

Mozilla’s Rhino (Java implementation)

Digital Mars’ DMDScript

Google’s V8

Next In the past few years, the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) have also adopted ECMAScript as a standard (ISO/IEC-16262). Since then, web browsers have worked hard (albeit with varying degrees of success and failure) to use ECMAScript as the basis for JavaScript implementations.

[Recommended learning: javascript advanced tutorial]

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