css selectors指的是css选择器,它规定了CSS规则会被应用到哪些元素上,可以根据一些特征,选中元素树上的一批元素。css选择器可以分为:基本选择器、组合选择器、属性选择器、伪类、伪元素、同级元素通用选择器等。
本教程操作环境:windows7系统、CSS3版、Dell G3电脑。
CSS 选择器(selectors)的基本意义是:根据一些特征,选中元素树上的一批元素。
CSS 选择器规定了 CSS 规则会被应用到哪些元素上。
一、基本选择器
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
1. | * | 通用元素选择器,匹配任何元素 |
2. | E | 标签选择器,匹配所有使用E标签的元素 |
3. | .info | class选择器,匹配所有class属性中包含info的元素 |
4. | #footer | id选择器,匹配所有id属性等于footer的元素 |
实例:
* { margin:0; padding:0; } p { font-size:2em; } .info { background:#ff0; } p.info { background:#ff0; } p.info.error { color:#900; font-weight:bold; } #info { background:#ff0; } p#info { background:#ff0; }
二、多元素的组合选择器
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
5. | E,F | 多元素选择器,同时匹配所有E元素或F元素,E和F之间用逗号分隔 |
6. | E F | 后代元素选择器,匹配所有属于E元素后代的F元素,E和F之间用空格分隔 |
7. | E > F | 子元素选择器,匹配所有E元素的子元素F |
8. | E + F | 毗邻元素选择器,匹配所有紧随E元素之后的同级元素F |
实例:
div p { color:#f00; } #nav li { display:inline; } #nav a { font-weight:bold; } div > strong { color:#f00; } p + p { color:#f00; }
三、CSS 2.1 属性选择器
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
9. | E[att] | 匹配所有具有att属性的E元素,不考虑它的值。(注意:E在此处可以省略,比如"[cheacked]"。以下同。) |
10. | E[att=val] | 匹配所有att属性等于"val"的E元素 |
11. | E[att~=val] | 匹配所有att属性具有多个空格分隔的值、其中一个值等于"val"的E元素 |
12. | E[att|=val] | 匹配所有att属性具有多个连字号分隔(hyphen-separated)的值、其中一个值以"val"开头的E元素,主要用于lang属性,比如"en"、"en-us"、"en-gb"等等 |
实例:
p[title] { color:#f00; } div[class=error] { color:#f00; } td[headers~=col1] { color:#f00; } p[lang|=en] { color:#f00; } blockquote[class=quote][cite] { color:#f00; }
四、CSS 2.1中的伪类
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
13. | E:first-child | 匹配父元素的第一个子元素 |
14. | E:link | 匹配所有未被点击的链接 |
15. | E:visited | 匹配所有已被点击的链接 |
16. | E:active | 匹配鼠标已经其上按下、还没有释放的E元素 |
17. | E:hover | 匹配鼠标悬停其上的E元素 |
18. | E:focus | 匹配获得当前焦点的E元素 |
19. | E:lang(c) | 匹配lang属性等于c的E元素 |
实例:
p:first-child { font-style:italic; } input[type=text]:focus { color:#000; background:#ffe; } input[type=text]:focus:hover { background:#fff; } q:lang(sv) { quotes: "\201D" "\201D" "\2019" "\2019"; }
五、 CSS 2.1中的伪元素
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
20. | E:first-line | 匹配E元素的第一行 |
21. | E:first-letter | 匹配E元素的第一个字母 |
22. | E:before | 在E元素之前插入生成的内容 |
23. | E:after | 在E元素之后插入生成的内容 |
实例:
p:first-line { font-weight:bold; color;#600; } .preamble:first-letter { font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold; } .cbb:before { content:""; display:block; height:17px; width:18px; background:url(top.png) no-repeat 0 0; margin:0 0 0 -18px; } a:link:after { content: " (" attr(href) ") "; }
六、CSS 3的同级元素通用选择器
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
24. | E ~ F | 匹配任何在E元素之后的同级F元素 |
实例:
p ~ ul { background:#ff0; }
七、CSS 3 属性选择器
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
25. | E[att^="val"] | 属性att的值以"val"开头的元素 |
26. | E[att$="val"] | 属性att的值以"val"结尾的元素 |
27. | E[att*="val"] | 属性att的值包含"val"字符串的元素 |
实例:
div[id^="nav"] { background:#ff0; }
八、CSS 3中与用户界面有关的伪类
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
28. | E:enabled | 匹配表单中激活的元素 |
29. | E:disabled | 匹配表单中禁用的元素 |
30. | E:checked | 匹配表单中被选中的radio(单选框)或checkbox(复选框)元素 |
31. | E::selection | 匹配用户当前选中的元素 |
实例:
input[type="text"]:disabled { background:#ddd; }
九、CSS 3中的结构性伪类
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
32. | E:root | 匹配文档的根元素,对于HTML文档,就是HTML元素 |
33. | E:nth-child(n) | 匹配其父元素的第n个子元素,第一个编号为1 |
34. | E:nth-last-child(n) | 匹配其父元素的倒数第n个子元素,第一个编号为1 |
35. | E:nth-of-type(n) | 与:nth-child()作用类似,但是仅匹配使用同种标签的元素 |
36. | E:nth-last-of-type(n) | 与:nth-last-child() 作用类似,但是仅匹配使用同种标签的元素 |
37. | E:last-child | 匹配父元素的最后一个子元素,等同于:nth-last-child(1) |
38. | E:first-of-type | 匹配父元素下使用同种标签的第一个子元素,等同于:nth-of-type(1) |
39. | E:last-of-type | 匹配父元素下使用同种标签的最后一个子元素,等同于:nth-last-of-type(1) |
40. | E:only-child | 匹配父元素下仅有的一个子元素,等同于:first-child:last-child或 :nth-child(1):nth-last-child(1) |
41. | E:only-of-type | 匹配父元素下使用同种标签的唯一一个子元素,等同于:first-of-type:last-of-type或 :nth-of-type(1):nth-last-of-type(1) |
42. | E:empty | 匹配一个不包含任何子元素的元素,注意,文本节点也被看作子元素 |
实例:
p:nth-child(3) { color:#f00; } p:nth-child(odd) { color:#f00; } p:nth-child(even) { color:#f00; } p:nth-child(3n+0) { color:#f00; } p:nth-child(3n) { color:#f00; } tr:nth-child(2n+11) { background:#ff0; } tr:nth-last-child(2) { background:#ff0; } p:last-child { background:#ff0; } p:only-child { background:#ff0; } p:empty { background:#ff0; }
十、CSS 3的反选伪类
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
43. | E:not(s) | 匹配不符合当前选择器的任何元素 |
实例:
:not(p) { border:1px solid #ccc; }
十一、CSS 3中的 :target 伪类
序号 | 选择器 | 含义 |
44. | E:target | 匹配文档中特定"id"点击后的效果 |
(学习视频分享:css视频教程)
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