linux查看用户信息的方法:1、使用“cat /etc/passwd”命令输出每个用户的详细信息;2、使用“getent passwd”命令,将每个用户详细信息显示为包含七个字段的单行;3、使用“compgen -u”命令。
本教程操作环境:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1系统、Dell G3电脑。
方法 1 :使用 /etc/passwd
文件
使用任何一个像 cat、more、less 等文件操作命令来打印 Linux 系统上创建的用户列表。
/etc/passwd
是一个文本文件,其中包含了登录 Linux 系统所必需的每个用户的信息。它保存用户的有用信息,如用户名、密码、用户 ID、群组 ID、用户 ID 信息、用户的家目录和 Shell 。
/etc/passwd
文件将每个用户的详细信息写为一行,其中包含七个字段,每个字段之间用冒号 : 分隔:
# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin 2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
7 个字段的详细信息如下
用户名 (magesh): 已创建用户的用户名,字符长度 1 个到 12 个字符。
密码(x):代表加密密码保存在 `/etc/shadow 文件中。
**用户 ID(506):代表用户的 ID 号,每个用户都要有一个唯一的 ID 。UID 号为 0 的是为 root 用户保留的,UID 号 1 到 99 是为系统用户保留的,UID 号 100-999 是为系统账户和群组保留的。
**群组 ID (507):代表群组的 ID 号,每个群组都要有一个唯一的 GID ,保存在 /etc/group文件中。
**用户信息(2g Admin - Magesh M):代表描述字段,可以用来描述用户的信息(LCTT 译注:此处原文疑有误)。
**家目录(/home/mageshm):代表用户的家目录。
**Shell(/bin/bash):代表用户使用的 shell 类型。
你可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。
# awk -F':' '{ print $1}' /etc/passwd or # cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail ftp postfix sshd tcpdump 2gadmin apache zabbix mysql zend rpc 2daygeek named mageshm
方法 2 :使用 getent
命令
getent 命令显示 Name Service Switch 库支持的数据库中的条目。这些库的配置文件为 /etc/nsswitch.conf。
getent 命令显示类似于 /etc/passwd 文件的用户详细信息,它将每个用户详细信息显示为包含七个字段的单行。
# getent passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin 2gadmin:x:500:10::/home/viadmin:/bin/bash apache:x:48:48:Apache:/var/www:/sbin/nologin zabbix:x:498:499:Zabbix Monitoring System:/var/lib/zabbix:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:497:502::/home/mysql:/bin/bash zend:x:502:503::/u01/zend/zend/gui/lighttpd:/sbin/nologin rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin 2daygeek:x:503:504::/home/2daygeek:/bin/bash named:x:25:25:Named:/var/named:/sbin/nologin mageshm:x:506:507:2g Admin - Magesh M:/home/mageshm:/bin/bash
7 个字段的详细信息如上所述。(LCTT 译注:此处内容重复,删节)
你同样可以使用 awk 或 cut 命令仅打印出 Linux 系统中所有用户的用户名列表。显示的结果是相同的。
方法 3 :使用 compgen
命令
compgen 是 bash 的内置命令,它将显示所有可用的命令,别名和函数。
# compgen -u root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail ftp postfix sshd tcpdump 2gadmin apache zabbix mysql zend rpc 2daygeek named mageshm
相关推荐:《Linux视频教程》
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