JavaScript turns 25 this year!

javascript video tutorialThe column introduces the development history of javascript

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This article has been translated with permission from the original author.

JavaScript was first introduced to the public 25 years ago (December 4, 1995). Originally developed in just 10 days, JavaScript quickly became one of the most popular programming languages, and is now used every day by millions of developers around the world. 2020 marks its 25th anniversary - a huge milestone for what has become one of the most popular programming languages.

JavaScript is the preferred language for front-end development, and later gave birth to Microsoft's Typescript, which is a superset of JavaScript with a stronger optional type system for developers to compile into JavaScript when running in the browser. .

JavaScript and TypeScript are both compliant with ECMAScript, the standard for JavaScript and Node.js, which can run applications outside of the browser thanks to Google's powerful V8 engine.

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JavaScript’s impact on the Web is huge. Tech giants have also embraced JS. In addition to Google's V8, there are also open source projects such as Facebook's

React and Google's Angular. Of course, there is also our Youyuxi Vue.

In May 1995,

Netscape and Sun (Sun Microsystems) launched JavaScript, followed by Microsoft in December 1995 Visual Basic (VB), as a standard for creating web applications using VB scripts for its Internet Explorer browser. Oracle acquired Sun in 2008 mainly to join Java and its huge development ecosystem.

The future of JavaScript wasn’t always as certain as it is today.

Cory House, a JavaScript educator at developer training site Pluralsight, recalls that in the early days, success of JavaScript was hard to determine.

"JavaScript was created in a matter of days and was initially used in just one browser. Microsoft's first browser came with their own style of JavaScript called
JScript. Today, JavaScript is still used It's used to build desktop apps, mobile device apps, fitness trackers, robots, and numerous embedded systems. It's even part of the James Webb Space Telescope. The telescope uses Nombas' ES1-level embedded JavaScript for its onboard control software. part.”

”We can write code in an object-oriented or functional way. Since JavaScript has a syntax similar to c, it is familiar to people who have used other c-like languages. JavaScript is constantly Stay "updated" by embracing good ideas from other languages. Jonathan Mills, another Pluralsight author, points out that JavaScript is no longer limited to browsers. He said: "Now, JavaScript has grown into a massive ecosystem that has an impact on every area of ​​software development. ”

Microsoft’s TypeScript is growing in popularity on

GitHub thanks to the presence of large Javascript-based projects, but it may also be taken over by Web Assembly

W3C Since ratifying the standard in December 2019, major web browsers now support WebAssembly at a similar level to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript

or

Wasm. WebAssembly is a virtual instruction set architecture that enables high-performance applications on the web and provides support for more # on the web ##AIBuilt the platform, these

AI

can be used for video and audio codecs, graphics and cryptographic calculations.Mills told ZDNet that so far, Web Assembly has The target area has potential.Mills said “When you build a JavaScript application, the JavaScript code is sent to the browser as is, where it is compiled and run at runtime. WebAssembly simplifies this process by compiling the code before deployment, promising significant performance improvements in the process. "This is useful when building complex web applications that are graphically or computationally intensive. However, the main obstacle right now is that the most prominent languages ​​related to

WebAssembly

are

Rust

and

C

. JavaScript took off in part because of ease of use and a fast development style, qualities that neither C nor Rust had. ”To celebrate the 25th anniversary of JavaScript, here are the important milestones that impacted its history: <h4>World Wide Web (March 1989)</h4> <p>While working at CERN, Tim Berners-Lee proposed in a document called "Information Management: A Proposal" his vision for the Internet. </p> <p>Article address: https://webfoundation.org/abo...</p> <h4>The first website (August 6, 1991)</h4> <p>The first website on Launched on August 6, 1991. It was used in the World Wide Web project itself and was hosted on Tim Berners-Lee's NeXT computer. </p> <p>More information: http://info.cern.ch/hypertext...</p> <h4>Mosaic (June 1993)</h4> <p><strong>NCSA Mosaic</strong>, or <strong>Mosaic</strong> for short, was the first web browser in Internet history to be widely used and capable of displaying images. It was published by the <strong>NCSA</strong> organization at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in <code>1993, and was officially terminated on January 7, 1997 support. It was extremely popular at the time. The emergence of Mosaic can be regarded as one of the igniting the later Internet craze.

Later, the development of Netscape Navigator browser hired many original

Mosaic browser engineers, but did not use any code from the Mosaic web browser . The descendant that inherits the Netscape browser code is the Firefox browser.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...

Netscape (September 9, 1994)

Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark founded what became Netscape Communications Corporation and launched it on September 9, 1994 their first browser. Initially it was called

Mosaic Netscape, but was later renamed Netscape Navigator to avoid trademark issues with NCSA. The browser's internal codename was Mozilla, which stands for "Mosaic Killer," and it quickly became the most popular browser. More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...JavaScript (May 1995)

Marc Andreessen ( Marc Andreessen envisioned a more dynamic Web and saw the need for a language that was easy for Web designers to use. He recruited

Brendan Eich

, who wrote a prototype for the

Netscape

browser in 10 days in May 1995. The language was initially called Moca, later LiveScript, and finally renamed JavaScript (as a auxiliary language for Java). The official release date of JavaScript is December 4, 1995. More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...JScript (August 1996)Microsoft revamped Netscape's JavaScript Reverse engineer, create

JScript

and make it part of

Internet Explorer 3

. Proprietary extensions that are not compliant with the standards are introduced, making it difficult for developers to create a website that works well in all browsers. Eventually,

Internet Explorer

became the dominant software in the browser wars. More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...ECMAscript 1 (June 1997)

Netscape

JavaScript was submitted to

ECMA International

to create a standard specification that other browser vendors could then implement, leading to the official release of the language specification ECMAScript in June 1997.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...Mozilla (January 23, 1998)January 23, 1998 Today, amid a sharp decline in browser market share,

Netscape

announced that it will release the source code of

Netscape Communicator 5.0

in the hope that it will become a popular open source project. This is how the

Mozilla

project was born. More information: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US...XMLHttpRequest (March 1999)

Microsoft

The original form of

XMLHttpRequest

was released in March 1999 in

Internet Explorer 5.0

. XMLHttpRequest is an API used to transfer data between a web browser and a web server, which may prove useful in the future. ECMAscript 3 (December 1999)This version adds regular expressions, more complete string processing, new control statements, try/catch exceptions handling, tighter error definitions, numeric output formatting and other enhancements. This version prevailed for ten years due to the

ECMAscript 4

stagnation.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...JSON (April 2001)Specified by Douglas Crockford

JSON

(JavaScript Object Notation), a lightweight data exchange format based on a subset of JavaScript. JSON data is easier to load and use on the front end, and will replace

XML

by the end of the century as the data exchange format on the Web.

More information: https://www.json.org/json-en....

Firefox (November 9, 2004)

Firefox was created in 2002 by Dave Hyatt, Joe Hewitt and Blake Ross started as an experimental branch of the Mozilla project. To combat the software bloat of Mozilla Suite, they created a standalone browser, first named Phoenix, later Firebird, and finally Firefox. Firefox 1.0 version was released on November 9, 2004. Firefox's speed, usability and marketing helped it gain market share over Internet Explorer. Within five years of its launch, Firefox accounted for nearly one-third of all web browsing.

More information: https://blog.mozilla.org/pres...

AJAX (February 18, 2005)

Jesse James· Jesse James Garrett coined the term AJAX (AsynchronousJavaScript XML) to describe the asynchronous technology behind emerging web applications such as GMail and Google Maps. This technology allows web pages to dynamically change content without reloading.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...

jQuery (August 2006)

jQuery is a language developed by A JavaScript library designed by John Resig to simplify HTML DOM tree traversal and manipulation as well as event handling, CSS animations and AJAX. Other JavaScript frameworks/libraries launched during this period include Mootools and Prototype.

More information: https://openjsf.org/

Google Chrome (December 2008)

Google released Chrome on December 11, 2008 browser, which uses the same WebKit rendering engine as Safari and a faster JavaScript engine V8. Shortly after, open source versions for Windows, OS X and Linux platforms were released under the name Chromium. With its fast release cycle and focus on speed, Google Chrome eventually supplanted all other browsers.

More information: https://www.google.com/chrome/

Node.js (March 2009)

Node.js Originally developed by Ryan Dahl in March 2009 based on Google's open source V8 JavaScript engine. It paves the way for using JavaScript on web servers. Node.js Functions are non-blocking, allowing the server to handle large numbers of concurrent connections. It represents the "JavaScript Everywhere" paradigm, unifying web application development around one programming language.

More information: https://nodejs.org/en/

npm (2009)

##npm (originally Node Package Manager (abbreviation for ) is a package manager for the JavaScript programming language developed by Isaac Z. Schlueter. The npm Registry is a public collection of open source code packages for Node.js, front-end web applications, mobile apps, and other applications.

More addresses: https://www.npmjs.com/about

ES5 (December 3, 2009)

ECMAScript 5 It was released in December 2009 more than ten years after ECMAScript 3. It is an incremental upgrade version of ECMAScript 3. The ambitious ECMAScript 4 was officially abandoned, codenamed Harmony, and some features became ECMAScript6. Other features planned for the original ECMAScript 4 will be removed for adoption in subsequent releases. A new determination was formed to develop any new ideas with the consensus of the entire TC39 to prevent the possibility of a split in the future.

More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...

AngularJS (October 20, 2010)

AngularJS by

Misko Hevery was released in October 2010 and quickly became the most popular JavaScript MVC framework. It provides two-way data binding, dependency injection, routing packages and more. Other JavaScript frameworks/libraries launched during this period include Backbone, Ember, and Knockout. The project was inherited by Angular in 2016, a complete rewrite of AngularJS led by the Google Angular team.

More information: https://angularjs.org/

# TypeScript (October 12, 2012)

TypeScript It is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing to the language and was first released (version 0.8) in October 2012 after two years of internal development by Microsoft.

React (May 29, 2013)

React is a JavaScript library for building composable user interfaces, developed in 2013 by Jordan Walke Open source. It is maintained by Facebook and a community of developers and companies.

More information: https://reactjs.org/

Vue.js (February 25, 2014)

By Evan You Created by Vue, an open source code, it is a model–view–viewmodel front-end JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications. The first source code commit for the project was in July 2013, and Vue was first released in February 2014.

Next.js (October 25, 2016)

Next.js is an open source React framework created by Vercel. It uniquely caters to the needs of static and dynamic websites and applications. Incremental static regeneration of Next.js gives users all the power of a static site generator, plus the ability to add an unlimited number of pages and update them later - without rebuilding the entire site.

More information: https://nextjs.org/

Svelte (November 26, 2016)

Svelte is a free and open source software created by Rich Harris A front-end JavaScript framework.

Svelte is a completely new way of building user interfaces. While traditional frameworks like React and Vue require a lot of work to be done in the browser, Svelte handles this work during the compilation phase of building the application.

Compared with using virtual DOM. Svelte writes code that surgically updates the DOM when the application's state changes.

More information: https://svelte.dev/

WebAssembly (March 2017)

WebAssembly (abbreviated as Wasm) is Binary instruction format for stack-based virtual machines. Wasm is designed as a portable target for compiling high-level languages ​​(such as C/C/Rust) so that it can be deployed on the Web for client and server applications. The precursor technology is from Mozilla and Google Native Client asm.js.

More information: https://webassembly.org/

OpenJS Foundation (March 12, 2019)

As we all know, Node.js and JavaScript are closely related. There are many connections and cooperation, but they belong to different foundations and it is very inconvenient to do things. Therefore, it is necessary to merge the two foundations to improve efficiency. Therefore, on March 13, 2019, the Node.js Foundation and the JS Foundation announced their merger into the OpenJS Foundation.

The primary goals of the OpenJS Foundation are to:

• Promote the widespread adoption and continued development of critical JavaScript and web solutions and related technologies;
• Promote the development of the JavaScript development community Collaboration;
• Create a center of gravity for open source projects across the entire end-to-end JavaScript ecosystem, guiding them toward open governance and a diverse base of collaborators;
• Managed infrastructure to support hosting The JavaScript open source project;
• builds an open and accessible website by advancing projects and strategic partnerships.

More information: https://openjsf.org/

Deno (May 13, 2020)

Den o is a library based on The V8 JavaScript engine and the JavaScript and TypeScript runtimes for the Rust programming language. It was created by Ryan Dahl, the original author of Node.js. This was announced during his talk titled “10 Things I Regret About Node.js” delivered at the JSConf 2018 EU conference. Deno explicitly assumes the roles of runtime and package manager within a single executable, eliminating the need for a separate package manager. More information: https://deno.land/

Finally

One thing is clear about the future of JavaScript: collaboration is key. The "browser wars" are over, and neither users nor developers want to relive the problems caused by a lack of interoperability. Fortunately, open source has prevailed and represents the way forward for the development and governance of the JavaScript language and community.

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