What was the first time the stored program computer architecture was proposed in the world?

The person who proposed the stored program computer architecture for the first time in the world was "Von Neumann". Mathematician von Neumann proposed three basic principles for computer manufacturing, namely the use of binary logic, program storage and execution, and the computer is composed of five parts (operator, controller, memory, input device, output device). This set of The theory is called the von Neumann architecture.

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It was "Von Neumann" who proposed the stored program computer architecture for the first time in the world.

Von Neumann structure, also known as Princeton structure, is a memory structure that combines program instruction memory and data memory. The program instruction storage address and the data storage address point to different physical locations in the same memory, so the width of the program instructions and data are the same. For example, the program instructions and data of Intel's 8086 central processor are both 16 bits wide.

The mathematician von Neumann proposed three basic principles for computer manufacturing, namely the use of binary logic, program storage and execution, and the computer is composed of five parts (operator, controller, memory, input device, output device), this theory is called the von Neumann architecture.

Development History

Before the birth of computers, people had bottlenecks in the accuracy and quantity of calculations. The demand for machines like computers was very strong. Feng· Neumann's logic and computer ideas guided him to design and build the first general-purpose electronic computer in history. His computer theory is mainly influenced by his own mathematical foundation and is highly mathematical and logical. He generally calls this theory "the logical theory of computers". His idea of ​​computer stored programs was another of his great innovations. By placing stored programs in internal memory, he successfully solved the problems of too small computer storage capacity and too slow computing speed at that time.

During World War II, the U.S. military required laboratories to provide it with computationally intensive calculation results. So there was the idea of ​​developing an electronic computer. Faced with this demand, the United States immediately formed a research and development team, including many engineers and physicists, to try to develop the world's first computer (later called the ENIAC machine). Although the most advanced electronic technology is adopted, there is a lack of principle guidance. At this time, von Neumann appeared. He brought up a crucial aspect: the logical structure of computers. Von Neumann started with logic and led the team to improve ENIAC. His logic design has the following characteristics:

(1) Separate the circuit and logic designs to create optimal conditions for computer construction;

(2) Combine the personal nervous system and computer Combined together, a new concept is proposed, namely biological computers.

Even though the ENIAC machine was realized with the top technology in the United States and even the world at that time, it used temporary storage and determined the arithmetic unit as the foundation. Therefore, it had many shortcomings, such as limited storage space, inability to store programs, etc., and the operation The speed is slow and inherently irrational. Von Neumann formulated the following optimization plan based on this premise:

(1) Use binary to perform operations, which greatly speeds up the computer;

(2) Store the program, that is, through the computer Internal memory stores calculation programs. In this way, programmers only need to write relevant computing instructions through the memory, and the computer can immediately perform computing operations, greatly speeding up computing efficiency.

Von Neumann structural diagram

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