What are the components that process and process data?

The component that processes and processes data is the "calculator". The arithmetic unit is a processing plant where the computer processes data to form information. It is a component in the computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations. Its main function is to perform arithmetic or logical operations on binary numbers. The basic operations of the arithmetic unit include the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shifts, comparisons, and transmissions. It is also called the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

#The operating environment of this article: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The components in the computer that process and process data are usually called arithmetic units.

Operator introduction

Operator: arithmetic unit is a processing plant where computers process data to form information. The computer executes various tasks. A component that performs arithmetic and logical operations. Its main function is to perform arithmetic or logical operations on binary numbers. The basic operations of the arithmetic unit include the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shifts, comparisons, and transmissions. It is also called the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

The arithmetic unit consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.

The calculator is a functional component in the computer that processes data. Data processing mainly includes arithmetic operations on data and logical operations on logical data. Therefore, realizing arithmetic and logical operations on data is the core function of the arithmetic unit.

The processing object of the operator

The processing object of the operator is data, so the data length and computer data representation method have a great impact on the performance of the operator. In the 1970s, microprocessors often used 1, 4, 8, and 16 binary bits as the basic unit for processing data. Most general-purpose computers use 16, 32, or 64 bits as the length of data processed by the arithmetic unit. An arithmetic unit that can process all bits of a data simultaneously is called a parallel arithmetic unit. If only one bit is processed at a time, it is called a serial operator. Some operators can process several bits at a time (usually 6 or 8 bits), and a complete data is divided into several segments for calculation, which is called a serial/parallel operator. Operators tend to only process data of one length. Some can also handle data of several different lengths, such as half-word-length operations, double-word-length operations, quadruple-word-length operations, etc. Some data lengths can be specified during the operation, which is called variable word length operation.

According to different data representation methods, there can be binary operators, decimal operators, hexadecimal operators, fixed-point integer operators, fixed-point decimal operators, floating-point operators, etc. According to the nature of the data, there are address operators and character operators.

Its main function is to perform arithmetic operations and logical operations.

Performance indicators

1. Machine word length.

The machine word length refers to the basic number of bits of data involved in the operation. It determines the number of registers, operators and data buses, thus directly affecting the price of the hardware. The word length indicates the calculation precision. In order to coordinate accuracy and cost, and to meet various requirements, many computers allow variable word length calculations, such as half word length, full word length, double word length, etc. Since both numbers and instruction codes are placed in the main memory, there is often a corresponding relationship between the word length and the instruction code length. The word length also affects the strength of the instruction system function. Computer word sizes vary from 4, 8, 16, 32 to 64 bits. The machine word length can consist of one or more bytes. Machines used for scientific computing require a longer word length to ensure accuracy; for machines used for data processing and industrial control, a word length of 16 bits or 32 bits can meet the requirements.

2. Operation speed.

It is one of the main indicators of the computer. The time required for computers to perform different calculations and operations may be different, so there are different calculation methods for calculation speed. The average speed is generally expressed as the average number of instructions that can be executed per unit time. For example, a computer's operating speed is 1 million times/second, which means that the computer can execute an average of 1 million instructions in one second (i.e. 1MIPS). Sometimes the equivalent speed representation is obtained using a weighted average method (that is, calculated based on the execution time of each instruction and the percentage of that instruction in all operations).

(Introduction to operating system knowledge: windows)

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