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HomeheadlinesEight tips for writing JavaScript code!

Eight tips for writing JavaScript code!

Nov 03, 2020 pm 05:54 PM
javascript

1. 生成指定区间内的数字

有时候需要创建在某个数字范围内的数组。比如在选择生日时。以下是最简单的实现方法。

let start = 1900,
    end = 2000;
[...new Array(end + 1).keys()].slice(start);
// [ 1900, 1901, ..., 2000]

// 也可以这样,但是大范围结果不稳定
Array.from({ length: end - start + 1 }, (_, i) => start + i);

2. 把值数组中的值作为函数的参数

有时候我们需要先把值放到数组中,然后再作为函数的参数进行传递。使用 ES6 语法可以只凭借扩展运算符(...)就可以把值从数组中提取出来: [arg1,arg2] => (arg1,arg2)。

const parts = {
  first: [0, 2],
  second: [1, 3],
};

["Hello", "World", "JS", "Tricks"].slice(...parts.second);
// ["World", "JS", "Tricks"]

这个技巧在任何函数中都适用,请继续看第 3 条。

3. 把值数组中的值作为 Math 方法的参数

当需要在数组中找到数字的最大或最小值时,可以像下面这样做:

// 查到元素中的 y 位置最大的那一个值
const elementsHeight =  [...document.body.children].map(
  el => el.getBoundingClientRect().y
);
Math.max(...elementsHeight);
// 输出最大的那个值

const numbers = [100, 100, -1000, 2000, -3000, 40000];
Math.min(...numbers);
// -3000

4. 展平嵌套数组

Array 有一个名为 Array.flat 的方法,它需要一个表示深度的参数来展平嵌套数组(默认值为 1)。但是如果你不知道深度怎么办,这时候只需要将 Infinity 作为参数即可。另外还有一个很好用的 flatMap 方法。

const arrays = [[10], 50, [100, [2000, 3000, [40000]]]];
arrays.flat(Infinity);
// [ 10, 50, 100, 2000, 3000, 40000 ]

5. 防止代码崩溃

如果在代码中存在不可预测的行为,后果是难以预料的,所以需要对其进行处理。

例如当你想要获取的属性为 undefined 或 null 时,会得到 TypeError 错误。

如果你的项目代码不支持可选链( optional chaining)的话,可以这样做:

const found = [{ name: "Alex" }].find(i => i.name === 'Jim');
console.log(found.name);
// TypeError: Cannot read property 'name' of undefined

可以这样避免

const found = [{ name: "Alex" }].find(i => i.name === 'Jim') || {};
console.log(found.name);
// undefined

不过这要视情况而定,对于小规模的代码进行处理完全没什么问题。不需要太多代码就可以处理它。

6. 传参的好方法

在 ES6 中可以把 模板字面量(Template literal) 当作是不带括号的函数的参数。这在进行格式化或转换文本的时非常好用。

const makeList = (raw) =>
  raw
    .join()
    .trim()
    .split("\\n")
    .map((s, i) => `${i + 1}. ${s}`)
    .join("\\n");

makeList`
Hello, World
Hello, World
`;

// 1. Hello
// 2. World

7. 像变戏法一样交换变量的值

通过解构赋值语法,可以轻松地交换变量。

let a = "hello";
let b = "world";

// 错误 ❌
a = b
b = a
// { a: 'world', b: 'world' }

// 正确 ✅
[a, b] = [b, a];
// { a: 'world', b: 'hello' }

8. 遮蔽字符串

某些时候我们需要遮蔽字符串的一部分,当然不只是对密码做这种操作。下面代码中通过 substr(-3) 得到字符串的一部分,即从字符串末尾开始往前 3 个字符,然后再用你喜欢的字符填充剩余的位置(比如说用 *)

const password = "hackme";
password.substr(-3).padStart(password.length, "*");
// ***kme

结语

在编码时还需要保持代码整洁,平时注意积累在编码时所使到的技巧,并关注 JavaScript 的新增特性。

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