javascript栏目详细介绍一句代码。
我们经常在框架级的源码中看到类似如下的一句代码,比如:
var toStr1 = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);复制代码
在这一句代码中既使用call方法,同时也使用bind方法,乍看之下,有点晕!这到底是想干嘛?
无妨,我们调用看看,传入不同的类型试试,效果如下:
console.log(toStr1({})); // "[object Object]"console.log(toStr1([])); // "[object Array]"console.log(toStr1(123)); // "[object Number]"console.log(toStr1("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr1("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr1(new Date));// "[object Date]"复制代码
从结果中可以看到该方法的主要功能是用于检测对象的类型。但通常类型检测,我们可能更多地看到如下代码实现:
var toStr2 = obj => Object.prototype.toString.call(obj);console.log(toStr2({})); // "[object Object]"console.log(toStr2([])); // "[object Array]"console.log(toStr2(123)); // "[object Number]"console.log(toStr2("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr2("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr2(new Date));// "[object Date]"复制代码
熟悉bind和call的同学应该知道,两种方法本质上是相同的,而第二种方法更简洁,仅仅使用一次call就能获得我们想要的功能,且代码逻辑清晰,理解起来更加容易,可在众多框架中为何更多使用第一种呢?
其实主要的原因是防止原型污染
,比如我们在业务代码中覆写了Object.prototype.toString
方法,第二种写法将得不到正确的结果,而第一种写法仍然可以。我们用代码来来试试:
var toStr1 = Function.prototype.call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);var toStr2 = obj => Object.prototype.toString.call(obj);Object.prototype.toString = function(){ return'toString方法被覆盖!'; }// 接着我们再调用上述方法// toStr1调用结果如下:console.log(toStr1({})); // "[object Object]"console.log(toStr1([])); // "[object Array]"console.log(toStr1(123)); // "[object Number]"console.log(toStr1("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr1("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr1(new Date));// "[object Date]"// toStr2调用结果如下:console.log(toStr2({})); // "toString方法被覆盖!"console.log(toStr2([])); // "toString方法被覆盖!"console.log(toStr2(123)); // "toString方法被覆盖!"console.log(toStr2("abc")); // "toString方法被覆盖!"console.log(toStr2("abc")); // "toString方法被覆盖!"console.log(toStr2(new Date));// "toString方法被覆盖!"复制代码
结果很明显。第一种方法仍然能正确得到结果,而第二种则不行!那么为什么会这样呢?我们知道bind函数返回结果是一个函数,这个函数是函数内部的函数,会被延迟执行,那么很自然联想到这里可能存在闭包!因为闭包可以保持内部函数执行时的上下文状态
。不过在现代版浏览器中call和bind都已经被js引擎内部实现了,我们没有办法调试!但是我们可以通过polly-fill提供的近似实现的源码来理解引擎内部的逻辑,下面是本文调试的demo,大家可以尝试下:
// 模拟实现call// ES6实现Function.prototype.mycall = function (context) { context = context ? Object(context) : window; var fn = Symbol(); context[fn] = this; let args = [...arguments].slice(1); let result = context[fn](...args); delete context[fn] return result; }// 模拟实现bindFunction.prototype.mybind = function (context) { if (typeof this !== "function") { throw new Error("请使用函数对象调用我,谢谢!"); } var self = this; var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1); var fNOP = function () { }; var fBound = function () { var bindArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return self.myapply(this instanceof fNOP ? this : context, args.concat(bindArgs)); } fNOP.prototype = this.prototype; fBound.prototype = new fNOP(); return fBound; }// 模拟实现apply// ES6实现Function.prototype.myapply = function (context, arr) { context = context ? Object(context) : window; var fn = Symbol(); context[fn] = this; let result; if (!arr) { result = context[fn](); } else { result = context[fn](...arr); } delete context[fn] return result; }var toStr1 = Function.prototype.mycall.mybind(Object.prototype.toString);console.log(toStr1({})); // "[object Object]"console.log(toStr1([])); // "[object Array]"console.log(toStr1(123)); // "[object Number]"console.log(toStr1("abc")); // "[object String]"console.log(toStr1(new Date));// "[object Date]"复制代码
上述的实现略去一些健壮性的代码,仅保留核心逻辑,具体的实现细节这里不做解释,有兴趣的可以自己研究,从devtools我们看到mybind
形成的闭包确实在函数对象toStr1的作用域上!
当然如果你对原型链有深刻理解的话,其实这句有趣的代码还可以写成如下方式:
var toStr3 = Function.call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);var toStr4 = Function.call.call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);var toStr5 = Function.call.call.call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);// 甚至可以这么写。。。var toStr6 = (()=>{}).call.bind(Object.prototype.toString);复制代码
-END-
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