What are the 5 major components of a computer?

The five major components of a computer are: 1. Controller, which is the control system of the computer; 2. Calculator, which is the computing system of the computer; 3. Memory, which is the computer storage system; 4. Input device, which is Devices for inputting data and information into computers, including keyboards, mice, cameras, touch screens, etc.; 5. Output devices, including monitors, speakers, printers, etc.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The five major components of a computer

The five major components of a computer are: controller, arithmetic unit, memory, input device and output device.

1. Controller: computer control system

The computer controller is the computer The nerve center directs all components in the entire machine to work in automated coordination. Under the control of the controller, the computer can automatically perform a series of operations according to the steps set by the program to complete specific tasks.

Working process:

(1) Get instructions. The address of the current instruction is stored in the program counter (PC) of the controller. The first step in executing an instruction is to send the address to the memory's address driver (not shown), fetch the instruction according to the address, and send it to the instruction register (Instruction Register, IR). at the same time. PC automatically adds 1. Get ready to take the next order.

(2) Analysis instructions. An instruction consists of two parts: one part is called the operation code (OP). Indicates what operation the instruction is to perform; the other part is called the data address code, which is used to indicate which address the data stored in is to be operated on. In the instruction analysis stage, the data address code must be sent to the memory to retrieve the required operands to the arithmetic unit. At the same time, the OP is sent to the instruction decoding component, which is translated into signals for which operations are to be performed on which components, and then the specified signals (and timing signals) are sent to the specified components through the operation control logic.

(3) Send operation control signal. The relevant operation control signals are sent to the relevant components according to the timing arrangement, so that the relevant components can complete the specified operations in the specified beat.

2. Calculator: the computing system of the computer

Calculator: arithmetic unit, which performs various arithmetic and logical operations in the computer part.

The arithmetic unit consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.

3. Memory: Computer storage system

Computer memory (English: Computer memory) is a system that uses semiconductor, magnetic media and other technologies. An electronic device that stores data. The data in its electronic circuits is stored in binary format, and the names of the basic units in different memory products are also different.

Computer memory can be divided into internal memory (also called memory or main memory) and external memory. Memory is a storage space that the CPU can directly address and is made of semiconductor devices. The characteristic of memory is its fast access rate. The programs we usually use, such as Windows operating system, typing software, game software, etc., are generally installed on external memories such as hard disks, but they must be transferred into the memory to run in order to truly use their functions. We usually enter a paragraph Writing text, or playing a game, are actually all performed in the memory. After the data is generated, it is continuously read and written from the memory to the external memory. Just like in a study room, the bookshelves and bookcases where books are stored are equivalent to the external memory of the computer, and the desk where we work is the memory. Usually we store a large amount of data that we want to save permanently on the external memory, and put some temporary or small amounts of data and programs on the memory. Of course, the quality of the memory will directly affect the running speed of the computer.

Memory type:

• Register: Store the data to be used by the CPU in the register (small capacity)

• High speed Cache: Store frequently used data with relatively small capacity in the cache

• Memory: The main force for the CPU to obtain data is memory

• #Hard drive:

  Mechanical hard drive: The mechanical arm of the hard drive rotates on the track to read data

  Solid state drive: Based on capacitive storage, mathematical algorithm

• Tape: Server data backup

The advantages and disadvantages of memory and external storage:

• -Memory

  Working based on electricity

  Advantages: Fast reading speed

  Disadvantages: Data loss during power outage

• -External storage

  Advantages: Can store data permanently

  Disadvantages: Slow reading speed

## 4. Input device: input data and information to the computer Devices are the bridge between computers and users or other devices.

#Input device is one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. Keyboards, mice, cameras, scanners, light pens, microphones, cameras, touch screens, handwriting input pads, joysticks, voice input devices, etc. are all input devices.

Input device (InputDevice) is a device for human or external interaction with the computer. It is used to input raw data and programs for processing these numbers into the computer. Computers can receive a variety of data, which can be numerical data or various non-numeric data, such as graphics, images, sounds, etc., which can be input into the computer through different types of input devices for processing. Storage, processing and output.

#5. Output device: It is the terminal device of the computer hardware system, used to receive the output display, printing, sound, and control of peripheral device operations of computer data. also expresses various calculation result data or information in the form of numbers, characters, images, sounds, etc.

Common output devices include monitors, speakers, printers, plotters, image output systems, voice output systems, magnetic recording equipment, etc.

Input device: input Output device: output

Memory is also called I/O operation

Extended knowledge

Three core components

• ##CPU: Brain

• Memory: short-term memory

Hard disk: permanent storage
×86: 32-bit operating system refers to the CPU's ability to process 32-bit binary characters at one time

×86: 64-bit operating system refers to the CPU's ability to process 64-bit binary characters at one time

BIOS system basic input output system The small system that comes with the calculator when shipped from the factory

operating system The operating system is also an application

But It is aimed at computer hardware,

It encapsulates the complex and ugly excuses in operating hardware,

Exposes it to users with a simple and fast operation interface,

Helps users manage and Coordinate, operate, and schedule various hardware of the computer

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