Operation and MaintenanceLinux Operation and MaintenanceHow to install oracle 11g database under linux?
How to install oracle 11g database under linux? The following article will introduce to you how to install and configure the Oracle 11g database under Linux. It has certain reference value. Friends in need can refer to it. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
Install oracle 11g database from the command line under linux
1. Preparation:
Basic environment for this installation: centos6.10 installed in vmware (virtual machine installation will not be introduced here)
Virtual machine requirements: 2G or more memory recommended
Need to download the Linux version Corresponding Oracle installation package:
Download address: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
Corresponding ##oracle## Version:
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2 .zipCourse recommendation: "linux course
"2. Modification of basic machine configuration
(1##) Set up the system: Oracle Only supports the operating systemRed Hat Enterprise Linux 6, so # needs to be Change the content in ##/etc/redhat-release to Red Hat
[root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/redhat-release #CentOS release 6.10 (Final) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6(2) Shut down machine information, unnecessary services of selinux, and firewall
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config //selinux关闭（disabled） # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. SELINUX=disabled # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values: # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, # mls - Multi Level Security protection. SELINUXTYPE=targeted [root@Oracle ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop //防火墙关闭 [root@Oracle ~]# vi /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.152.130 Oracle //新增行：IP 机器名（这是我的ip和主机名）(3) Modify the user’s restriction file
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf //在该文件内添加以下内容 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240(4) Modify the kernel Parameters
[root@Oracle ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf //在文件中添加以下内容 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 10523004 kernel.shmmax = 6465333657 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_max=1048576 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 [root@Oracle ~]# sysctl –p // 执行这条语句使配置生效(5) Dependent package installation
[root@Oracle ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libgcc*.i686 libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp3. Create users, groups, and installation directories (1) Create users and groups
[root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oinstall [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd dba [root@Oracle ~]# groupadd oper [root@Oracle ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle [root@Oracle ~]# echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle [root@Oracle ~]# id oracle //查看用户所属组 uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)(2) Create a new installation directory
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# mkdir -p /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /var/app
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/backup
[root@Oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/oraInventory
[root@Oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /var/app
(3) Set and refresh the environment variables [root@Oracle ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile //给该文件添加以下内容 umask 022 export ORACLE_BASE=/var/app export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ora11g export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib [root@Oracle ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile //执行该句使配置生效4. Install Oracle (1) Copy the Oracle installation file to the specified directory
[root@Oracle ~]# cp linux.x64_11gR2_database_*.zip /var/app/oracle/(2) Switch to the oracle user and decompress the installation package
[root@Oracle ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@Oracle oracle]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
After decompression, you will get the database directory. There are three rsp files in the response directory, which are used as templates for the response file during silent installation. They are: [oracle@Oracle response]$ ls -l total 76 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 44960 Aug 8 17:10 dbca.rsp //安装应答 -rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle oinstall 22752 Aug 8 14:23 db_install.rsp //创建数据库应答 -rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5740 Feb 26 2009 netca.rsp //建立监听，本地服务名等网络设置(5) Modify the configuration file and install the Oracle database
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cp /var/app/oracle/database/response/ /home/oracle/ //备份(6) The content of the modified silent installation configuration file db_install.rsp is as follows:
[root@db response]# cat db_install.rsp | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/var/app/oracle/oraInventory SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ORACLE_HOME=/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ORACLE_BASE=/var/app/oracle oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ora11g oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation= oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation= oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup= oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword= MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME= MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD= SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT= DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true PROXY_HOST= PROXY_PORT= PROXY_USER= PROXY_PWD=(7) Start the silent installation
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database [oracle@Oracle database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/db_install.rsp(8) Check the installation progress
[oracle@Oracle database]$ cd /var/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs [oracle@Oracle logs]$ tail -f installActions*log(9) When the following message appears
var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts 4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue Successfully Setup Software.Open a new client and execute it as root The following script
[root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh [root@Oracle ~]# var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh(10) After executing the above script, return to the installation interface and press Enter to continue. 5. Configure Oracle monitoring (1) Run the monitoring file
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ cd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ netca /silent /responsefile /var/app/oracle/database/response/netca.rspAfter successful operation, in /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ Two files, sqlnet.ora and listener.ora, will be generated in the network/admin directory
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ ls
listener.ora samples shrept.lst sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora
Execute the following command to check whether the listener has started working on port 1521[root@Oracle ~]# netstat -tlnp | grep 1521 tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 1792/tnslsnrIf the listening is not started , then manually start the listener
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start(2) Configure the Oracle database
[oracle@Oracle response]$ pwd /var/app/oracle/database/response [oracle@Oracle response]$ vi dbca.rsp GDBNAME = "orcl11.us.oracle.com" //78 行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名 SID="ora11g" //149行 SID SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" //190行 SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" //200行 CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码 NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码(3) Create the database
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /var/app/oracle/database/response/dbca.rsp6. Start the database Enter Oracle SQL command line
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> startup ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'
启动时会出现以上错误，解决方法如下：找到init.ora.78201817526文件，将其复制到/var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs目录下
[oracle@Oracle admin]$ locate init.ora //定位寻找目标文件 /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/init.ora.78201817526 //目标文件 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/srvm/admin/init.ora [oracle@Oracle admin]$ cd /var/app/admin/orcl11g/pfile/ [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ ls init.ora.78201817526 [oracle@Oracle pfile]$ cp init.ora.78201817526 /var/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/ [oracle@Oracle dbs]$ mv init.ora.78201817526 initora11g.ora //将目标文件改成所需文件名
进入到Oracle SQL命令行中，执行startup
[oracle@Oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 10 01:59:43 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> startup //启动数据库实例 ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes Fixed Size 2217992 bytes Variable Size 494929912 bytes Database Buffers 339738624 bytes Redo Buffers 2396160 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
**** 参考文章：
https://blog.csdn.net/JIANG123456T/article/details/77745892
https://blog.csdn.net/zxx2403/article/details/46594597
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